Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Evolution
Evolution notes and vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Evolution | gradual process in which something changes into a different and usually more complex or better form |
| Species | a group of individual organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring in nature. |
| Genes | the basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA |
| 14.2 How can evolution refine existence adaptions? | a complex structure may have evolved from a simpler structure having the same basic function—a process of refinement. |
| How was chitin modified to serve an additional function? | |
| How were flippers of penguins modified for a new funtion? | Since they cant really be on land they can swim better than how they walk |
| Embryology | study of multicellular organisms as they develop from fertilized eggs to fully formed organism |
| 15.2 How do fossils form? | Preserved remains or markings left by organisms that lived in the past are |
| Geologic time scale | The geologic time scale provides a system of chronologic measurement relating stratigraphy to time that is used by geologists, |
| homologous structure | similar structure found in more than one species that share a common ancestor |
| vestigial structures | Remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species |
| Bailosaurus suggest that? | They were aquatic animals, early whales. Didn't use legs to support ones self |
| Geographic distribution | The differences and similarities between organisms in different parts of the world |
| Similarities in development (Embryological evidence) | ertain similarities in structure among species provide clues to evolutionary history.... & also Embryos of closely related organisms often have similar stages in development |
| what is a fossil record | hronological collection of life's remains in sedimentary rock layers |
| DNA sequences and molecular evidence | dna shows evidence |
| 15.3 Geologic time scale | Earth's history organized into four eras: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic |
| Relative dating of fossils | Relative dating puts the fossil in context. what lived before it, and what lived after |
| Half life | time it takes for 50 percent of a radioactive isotope sample to decay |
| Radiometric dating | is based on the measurement of certain radioactive isotopes in objects. It is the method most often used to determine the absolute ages of rocks and fossils |
| Continental drift | motion of continents about Earth's surface on plates of crust floating on the hot mantle |
| 14.1 Georges Buffon ideas | Believes the earth is over thousands of years old. |
| Adaption | inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
| Jean Baptiste Lamarck ideas (land inheritance of acuired characteristics) | . Lamarck proposed that life evolves, or changes. He recognized that species are not permanent. Lamarck explained evolution as a process of adaptation. |
| Darwins observations aboard the HMS beagle | Different kinds of species all over, Some were the same with different characteristics. Said species changed through time |
| Charles Lyell ideas | Lyell proposed that gradual and observable geologic processes such as erosion could explain the physical features of today's Earth. |
| Descent with modification | process by which descendants of ancestral organisms spread into various habitats and accumulate adaptations to diverse ways of life |
| Natural selection | process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals |
| 14.3 Population numbers and variation | population is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time. |
| Artificial Selection | selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with desired genetic traits. |
| How do pesticides show natural selection? | evolution of pesticide resistance in hundreds of insect species. Pesticides are poisons used to kill insects that are pests in crops and in homes. Whenever a new type of pesticide is used to control agricultural pests, the story is usually the same. |
| 14.5 How does natural selection cause the sickle cell allele to stay in some populations? | Because of the offspring |
| How does antibiotic resistance evolve in bacteria? | |
| 14.4 Gene pool | all of the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population |
| What processes lead to genetic variation | From sexual recombinations and mutations |
| Frequency of alleles | some alleles may become more common than others in the gene pool. In other words, there is a change in the frequency of alleles—how often certain alleles occur in the gene pool. |
| Microevolution | evolution on the smallest scale—a generation-to-generation change in the frequencies of alleles within a population |
| Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over |
| Genetic Drift | change in the gene pool of a population due to chance |
| Bottleneck effect | Natural disasters decrease the populations, certain alleles may then be represented more frequently than others among the survivors. Some alleles may be all eliminated. Such genetic drift, called the bottleneck effect, decreases genetic variation in a pop |
| Founder effect | chance reduces genetic variation. Genetic drift in a new colony is known as the founder effect because the change relates to the genetic makeup of the founders of the colony |
| Gene Flow | exchange of genes between populations |
| Mutation | you may remember that a mutation is a change in an organism's DNA. If this mutation is carried by a gamete, the mutation enters the population's gene pool. |
| How does natural selection lead to fitness | Natural selection is made because an organism is fit! |
| Explain Peter and Rosemary Grants study | |
| foundereffect 2 | The founder effect likely contributed to changes in the gene pools of the finches and other South American organisms that arrived as strays on the Galápagos Islands. |
Created by:
esmest1
Popular Biology sets