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Stack #1242478
Exam I Answers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The basic structural and physiological unit of all living organisms is the | cell |
| A species consists of | morphologically similar organisms capable of interbreeding |
| Based on the large numbers of offspring produced by many organisms, Darwin proposed that mortality was high and only a few individuals survived to reproduce. He referred to the differential reproductive success of individuals with particular variations as | natural selection |
| Which of the following represents a correct ordering of the levels of complexity at which life is studied, from the most simple to most complex? | cell, tissue, organ, organism, population, community |
| The initial accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere was the result photosynthesis from an organism most like modern | cyanobacteria |
| A prerequisite for the survival of life on land was the accumulation of | O3 in the atmosphere |
| Ozone is important to life on Earth because it | blocks much ultraviolet radiation |
| Which of the following can result from a scientific investigation? | formulation of new questions that result in additional experimentation |
| The main purpose of any single equivalent is to | test a prediction that is based on a hypothesis |
| Which of the following is not a feature of scientific hypotheses? | they are unable to be falsified |
| The advantage of controlled experiments is that | all variables are held constant except for one |
| Which of the following statements represents a scientific point of view? | testing the effect of antibiotics on E. coli can help prevent deaths from food poisoning |
| The part of the atom that determines how the atom behaves chemically is the | electron |
| Which component of an atom does not significantly add to its mass? | electron |
| What is the difference between an atom and an element? | an atom is made of protons, electrons, and sometimes neurons; an element is a substance composed of only one kind of atom |
| The best reference source for the atomic number and mass number of elements is | the periodic table |
| The four elements most common in organisms are | carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
| A covalent bond is the sharing of _____ between atoms, whereas an ionic bond is the _____. | electrons; transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
| Which characteristic of water contributes to the relatively constant temperatures of the oceans? | it takes a large amount of heat energy to raise the temperature of water |
| A basic solution contains | more OH- ions that H+ ions |
| Carbonic acid and sodium bicarbonate act as buffers in the blood. When a small amount of acid is added to this buffer, the H+ ions are used up as they combine with the bicarbonate ions. When this happens, the pH of the blood | does not change |
| Which of the following is not a macromolecule? | salt |
| Which of the following does not represent a correct monomer/polymer pairing? | triglyceride/cellulose |
| In condensation reactions, the atoms that make up a water molecule are derived from | both of the reactants |
| Polymerization reactions in which polysaccharides are synthesized from monosaccharides | result in the formation of water |
| During the formation of a peptide linkage, a(n) _____ is formed. | molecule of water |
| Enzymes are | proteins |
| Amino acids can be classified by the | characteristics of their side chains, or "R" groups |
| The atoms that make up carbohydrates are | C, H, and O |
| DNA and RNA both include | pentoses |
| Lipids are | all of the above |
| In a biological membrane, the phospholipids are arranged with the fatty acid chains facing the interior of the membrane. As a result, the interior of the membrane is | hydrophobic |
| Molecules that are both attracted to water and repel water are called | amphipathic |
| Steroids are classified as lipids because they | are composed of nonpolar and hydrophobic molecules |
| A nucleotide contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and | a nitrogen-containing base |
| The "backbone" of a nucleic acid molecule is made of | alternating sugars and phosphate groups |
| According to the principle of complementary base pairing, purines always pair with | pyrimidines |
| DNA differs from RNA in that | all of the above |
| What type of bond connects two complementary nucleotides together? | hydrogen |
| The central dogma of molecular biology states that | the information flow in a cell is from DNA to RNA to protein |
| In 1668, Francesco Redi did some experiments to disprove spontaneous generation. He began by putting pieces of meat into identical jars. Some jars were left open to the air, and some were sealed. | maggots do not arise spontaneously but from eggs laid by adult flies |
| The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that | under specific conditions, the building blocks of life can be formed |
| Life on Earth arose approximately _____ years ago. | 4 billion |
| A prerequisite for life on Earth or any other planet is | water |
| A protein can best be defined as a polymer | of amino acids |
| Fatty acids are molecules that | are composed of hydrogen, carbon, and a carboxyl group |
| You have isolated an unidentified liquid from a sample of beans. You add the liquid to a beaker of water and shake vigorously. After a few minutes, the water and the other liquid separate into two layers. | lipids |
| The bonds that form between the atoms of polymeric macromolecules are _____ | covalent |
| Which of the following statements about proteins is true? | some function as enzymes |
| Two important polysaccharides made up of glucose monomers are _____ and _____. | cellulose; starch |
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