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Chapter 12
Section 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual | sex chromosome |
| any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome | autosome |
| a trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes, such as the X chromosome or the Y chromosome in humans | sex-linked trait |
| one of a pair of genes that tend to be inherited together | linked gene |
| a diagram of gene positions on a chromosome | chromosome map |
| in chromosome mapping, an increment of 1 percent in the frequency of crossing-over | map unit |
| mutation that occurs in an organism's gametes | germ-cell mutation |
| a mutation that occurs in a body cell | somatic-cell mutation |
| a gene or chromosomal mutation that influences the development of an organism in such a way that the organism cannot survive | lethal mutation |
| the loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome | deletion |
| a reversal in the order of the genes, or of a chromosome segment, within a chromosome | inversion |
| the movement of a segment of DNA from one chromosome to another, which results in a change in the position of the segment; also the movement of soluble nutrients from one part of a plant to another | translocation |
| the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II | nondisjunction |
| a mutation in which only one nucleotide or nitrogenous base in a gene is changed | point mutation |
| a mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide | substitution |
| a mutation, such as the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a coding sequence, that results in the misreading of the code during translation because of a change in the reading frame | frameshift mutation |
| a mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to a gene | insertion mutation |
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