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Ch. 12 Terms h bio
Chapter 12 Terms and Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| sex-linked trait | a trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes, such as the X chromosome or Y chromosome in humans |
| linked gene | one of a pair of genes that tend to be inherited together |
| chromosome map | a diagram of gene positions on a chromosome |
| map unit | in chromosome mapping, an increment of 1% in the frequency of crossing over |
| germ-cell mutation | the mutation that occurs in an organism's gametes |
| somatic-cell mutation | a mutation that occurs in a body cell |
| lethal mutation | a gene or chromosomal mutation that influences the development of an organism in such a way that the organism cannot survive |
| deletion | the loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome |
| inversion | a reversal in the order of genes, or of a chromosome segment, within in a chromosome |
| translocation | the movement of a segment of DNA from one chromosome to another, which results in a change in the position of the segment; also the movement of soluble nutrients from one part of a plant to another |
| nondisjunction | the failiure of homologous chromozomes to seperate during meiosis 1 or the failiure of sister chromatids to seperate during meiosis 1 or 2 |
| point mutation | a mutation in which only one nucleotide or nitrogenous base in a gene is changed |
| substitution | a mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide |
| frame shift mutation | a mutation, such as the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a coding sequence, that results in the misreading of the code during translation because of a change in the reading frame |
| insertion mutation | a mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to the gene |
| pedigree | a diagram that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations |
| carrier | individuals that have one copy of the recessive allele but do not have the disease |
| genetic disorder | diseases or disabling conditions that have genetic bases |
| polygenic | influenced by several genes |
| complex character | characters that are influenced strongly both by the enviroment and by genes |
| multiple allele | genes with three or more alleles |
| codominance | both alleles are expressed in the phenotype of heterozygote |
| incomplete dominance | individual diesplays a trait that is intermediate between two parents |
| sex-influenced trait | involved in other complex characters |
| Huntington's Disease | autosomal dominant condition characterized by forgetfulness and irritability |
| amniocentisis | allows a physician to remove some amniotic fluid from the amnionic sac between the 14th and 16th week of pregnancy |
| chorionic villi sampling | physician takes a sample of the chronic villi |
| genetic counseling | the process of informing a person or couple about their genetic makeup |
| gene therapy | a technique that places a healthy copy of a gene into the cells of a person whose copy is deffective |
Created by:
OConnellC16
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