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Pathophys1
Pathophysiology terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pathophysiology | The study of how disease affects body function |
| Health | Having the ability to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions |
| Disease | Being unable to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions |
| Etiology | The study of the cause of a disease |
| Genetic | A disease, condition, or trait that is inherited as a result of a single gene |
| Congenital | A disease, condition, or trait that is present at birth |
| Pathology | The study of changes in cell/tissue structure related to disease or death |
| Acquired | A disease, condition, or trait that developed because of being exposed to something during your life |
| Idiopathic | Without a clearly identified cause |
| Signs | Evidence of a disease that is objective and can be seen, measured, or recorded |
| Symptoms | Evidence of a disease that is subjective and cannot be seen, measured, or recorded |
| Pathogenesis | The events that lead to the development of a disease and the signs and symptoms that occur as the disease progresses |
| Acute | A disease that develops and resolves rapidly |
| Chronic | A disease that develops gradually and lasts 3 months or longer |
| Remission | The lessening in severity of the symptoms of a disease |
| Exacerbation | An increase in the severity of a disease or any of its signs or symptoms |
| Local | A condition that is confined to one area in the body |
| Systemic | A condition that affects the entire body |
| Endoscopy | A procedure that utilizes a fiber optic camera to view structures inside of the body |
| Radiodensity | The ability of an object to stop or slow radiation |
| X-rays | A visual recording of differences in radiodensity of anatomical structures |
| Contrast X-rays | X-rays that utilize a contrast media to increase the radiodensity of selected fluids within the body, producing an image of the structures containing the fluid |
| Ultrasound | A visual recording of differences in the rate of return and intensity of sound waves reflected off of objects within the body |
| Electrocardiograms | A recording of the electrical activity of the cardiac conduction system |
| Electroencephalogram | A recording of the electrical activity of the brain, most often recording the cerebral cortex |
| Spirometry | Any procedure use to measure a persons ability to move air or the capacities of the respiratory system. Often referred to as PFTs (pulmonary function tests) |
| Chemotherapy | The use of chemicals to kill cells within the body. Two main types of chemotherapy are used - to kill cancer cells or microorganisms |
| Pharmacological | The use of drugs to treat disease |
| Palliative | Any form of treatment that relieves signs and symptoms without curing a disease. May include the use of medication (such as a decongestant or pain reliever), therapuetic massage, counseling, physical therapy, orthotic devices... |
| Prognosis | A prediction of the likely outcome or consequences of having a disease |
| Sequela | A consequence of a previous disease |
| Complications | A morbid process or event occurring during a disease that is not an essential part of the disease, although it may result from it |
| Terminal | A disease likely to cause death |
| Trauma | The transfer of a harmful amount of energy. The energy may be mechanical, electrical, radiation, or thermal. |
| Deficiency | Lacking in something that is essential |
| Intoxication | Being exposed to a toxic level of something |
| Hypertrophy | To increase in size |
| Atrophy | To decrease in size |
| Hyperplasia | An increase in the rate of mitosis and therefore cell number |
| Metaplasia | A change in cell or tissue structure |
| Dysplasia | Irregular cell or tissure structure. Often considered a potentially cancerous change |
| Neoplasia | Growth of cells and tissue into new areas, resulting in a tumor. May be benign or malignant |
| Inflammation | A protective response of tissue to injury or infection. Causes an increase in blood flow and pain in the affected region, as well as leukocytosis |
| Pyrogens | Chemsicals that cause fever |
| Leukocytosis | An increase in the number of WBCs to more than 10,000 per mm^3. A WBC count of 15,000-25,000 commonly occurs as a result of infection, inflammation, or hemorrhage |
| Exudate | The excess fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation. Contains a high level of proteins and neutrophils when compared to normal tissue fluid |
| Serous Exudate | A thin, clear, watery fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation |
| Purulent Edudate | A thick, creamy white or yellow fluid that accumulates at the sit of inflammation. Asl called pus |
| Suppurative Inflammation | A response to injurt or infection that leads to the production of pus |
| Regeneration | Replacing damaged tissue through the process of mitosis, restoring the tissue to its original condition |
| Repair | Replacing damaged tissue with scar tissue |
| Adhesions | The binding together of two surfaces by scar tissue |
| Keloid Scarring | The over production of scar tissue that sometimes occurs in the dermis and subcutaneous layer and results in a mass of scar tissue that is often tender or painful |
| Contracture | The shortening of scar tissue over time OR the shortening of muscle tissue as a result of fibrotic changes |
| Stenosis | The narrowing of any canal or opening, such as the intestine, a blood vessel, of a heart valve |
| Sclerosis | The process of hardening. Can occur as a result of scar formation or the accumulation of deposits known as plaques |
| Necrosis | Tissue death |
| Prodromal Stage | An early stage in the development of a disease or infection that is characterized by a lack of appetite and lack of energy. The time when a person feels as if they are "coming down with something" |
| Anaphylaxis | A severe, systemic, allergic response that is characterized by vasodilation (which causes a severe drop in blood pressure) and bronchoconstriction (resulting in severe difficulty in breathing) |
| Immunosurveillance | The immmune system's constant search for an antigen |
| Immunotolerance | The immune system's ability to recognize and not attack normally occurring tissues within the body |
| Incubation | The development of an infection from the time the infectious organism enters the body until the appearance of the first clinical signs and symptoms |
| Acute Stage | The time during an infection when clinical signs and symptoms begin to develop |
| Benign | A nonmalignant neoplasm |
| Malignant | A cancerous neoplasm |
| Angiogensis | The development of new blood vessels, especially capillaries |
| Tumor Markers | Proteins produced by tumor cells that can be detected in screening tests of the person's blood |
| Carcinoma | A malignancy that originates in epithelial tissue |
| Sarcoma | A malignancy that originates within the tissue of the central nervous system |
| Glioma | A malignancy that originates within the tissue of the central nervous system |
| Carcinogenesis | The process of developing a malignant neoplasm |
| Initiators (of cancer) | Carcinogens that increase the rate of cancer cell production by activating oncogenesis |
| Promotors (of cancer) | Carcinogens that decrease the body''s ability to find and fight cancer cells by damaging tumor supressing genes |
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