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Evolution and 15.2
Basics of Evolution and Chapter 15.2 notecards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | The cumulative changes that occur in a population over time |
| Species | A group of interbreeding or potentially interbreeding populations that is reproductively isolated from other such groups |
| Genes | Portions of an organisms DNA that carry the code responsible for building that organism in a very specific way |
| Survival of the Fittest | Process of natural selection that drives evolutionary change. Environmental conditions given to a species in a certain environment |
| How can evolution refine existing adaptations? | Natural Selection and other adaptations to different species |
| How was chitin modified to serve an additional function? | Chemical changes to it made it more water tight and proof |
| How were flippers of penguins modified for a new function? | Natural Selection has changed the wings to be more strong and more good for swimming |
| Embryology | Part of Science and Biology that focuses on embryos and their development |
| Fossil | Skeletal remains of a creature that lived long ago |
| What is the fossil record? | History of time described by fossils |
| Basilosaurus fossils suggest that..... | That land animals came from marine animals |
| Geographic distribution | the natural arrangement and apportionment of the various forms of animals and plants in the different regions and localities of the earth |
| homologous structures | Structures derived from a common ancestor or same evolutionary or developmental origin |
| Vestigial structures | refers to an organ or part (for example, the human appendix) which is greatly reduced from the original ancestral form and is no longer functional or is of reduced or altered function |
| similarites in development(embyological development) | DNA similarities |
| DNA sequences and molecular evidence | Evidence that different species are close to each other in different ways |
| how do fossils form? | Fossils form when dead animals get buried and the sediment around them and the hard parts of their bodies turn to stone |
| Geological time scale | The period of time covering the physical formation and development of Earth, especially the period prior to human history. |
| relative dating of fossils | Being able to give a varied date of a fossil and when it lived |
| radiometric dating of fossils ( and half life) | Dates fossils and gives them an exact date using radioactive decay |
| continental drift ( and pangea) | Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other by appearing to drift across the ocean bed |
| George Buffon Ideas | Document genetic changes between species |
| Adaptations | A species that inherits the ability to survive in a certain environment |
| Jean Baptiste Lamarck ideas | environment gives rise to changes in animals life was structured in an orderly manner and that many different parts of all bodies make it possible for the organic movements of animals |
| Darwins observations | Some birds of the same species had differences from the same birds in different places |
| Charles Lyell Ideas | Principles of Geology inspired Darwin |
| Thomas Malthus ideas | wrote Principle of Population which inspired Darwin |
| Descent with modification | passing on of traits from parent organisms to their offspring. |
| Natural Selection | The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring |
| Population numbers and variation | Population in a species varies and not all of them are the same..... we are evolving as we speak |
| Artificial Selection | Only the good and healthy survive, if something that happens during a lifetime can hurt you, such as pregnancy, then the next generation would probably have less pregnancies |
| How do pesticides show natural selection | only the plants that can survive the pesticides are allowed to survive and soon the plants will get accustomed to it and eventually it will not affect them |
| How does natural selection cause the sickle cell allele to stay in some populations? | One of the post potent factors in keeping deleterious alleles in a population is heterozygote advantage |
| How does antibiotic resistance evolve in bacteria? | Antibiotic Resistance evolves naturally because of natural selection through a random mutation. It becomes resistant to antibiotics-when an antibiotic is given some of the bacteria is killed but some still remains and this adapts to its environment and ca |
| Gene pool | Indicates genetic diversity |
| What processes lead to genetic variation? | Meiosis, random fertilization, and random mating |
| Frequency of alleles | the number of copies of a particular allele divided by the number of copies of all alleles at the genetic place (locus) in a population |
| Microevolution | change if gene frequency in DNA |
| Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | two hetero zygotes have 25, 50, 35 percent traits |
| Genetic Drift | a basic mechanism of evolution that show that some families in a species leave some traits |
| Bottleneck effect | Population of a species is suddenly reduced |
| Founder effect | loss of genetic variation when a new population is made |
| Gene Flow | is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another. |
| mutation | change in DNA for the better or worse |
| how does natural selection lead to fitness? | natural selection selects traits that lead to reproductive fitness. |
| Explain Peter and Rosemary Grants study | They were studying the finches on the Galapagos Island. They were also collaborating to band and measure the finches... |
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abumal1
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