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Evolution Notes Swag
Evolution Notes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Evolution | The cumulative changes that occur in a population over time. |
| Species | A group of interbreeding or potentially interbreeding populations that is reproductively isolated from other such groups |
| Genes | The portions of an organism's DNA that carry the code responsible for building that organism in a very specific way. |
| Survival of the Fittest | The process of natural selection or a mechanism that drives evolutionary change. |
| How Can evolution refine existing adaptation? | When species evolve they are from the basic organism but more complex while still having the simple structure of the basic. |
| How was chitin modified to serve an additional function? | Through evolution the Exoskeleton adapted to the arthropods surroundings in the desert so it resisted water loss in order to benefit the host. |
| How were flippers of penguins modified for new function? | Penguin flippers are actually modified wings to suit there surrounding in the water and the fact that penguins are secluded from other predators so they would have no need for escaping or hunting. |
| Embryology | the study of the processes of multicellular organisms as they develop from fertilized eggs to fully formed organisms. |
| Fossil | preserved remains or marking left by an organism that lived in the past |
| What is the fossil record | The fossil record is this chronological collection of life's remains in the rock layers, recorded during the passage of time. |
| Basiolsauras fossils suggest that | That whales used to have hind legs in earlier stages. |
| Geographic distribuition | he differences and similarities between organisms in different parts of the world were some of the first observations that Darwin made on his voyage. |
| Homologous structures | Such similar structures in species sharing a common ancestor are called homologous structures. |
| Vestigial structures | remnants of structures that may have had important functions in an ancestral species, |
| Similarities in development | In beginning stages of life most animals have similar body part |
| DNA Sequence | The sequences of bases in DNA molecules are passed from parents to offspring. |
| How do Fossils form? | However, hard parts such as shells, bones, or teeth, are long-lasting and may become preserved as fossils. |
| Geologic time scale | organizes Earth's history into four distinct ages known as the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras. |
| Relative dating of fossils | The relative ages of fossils reflect the order in which groups of species existed compared to one another. |
| Radiometric dating of fossils | determination of absolute ages of rocks and fossils through calculations based on a radioactive isotope's fixed rate of deca |
| Continental drift | motion of continents about Earth's surface on plates of crust floating on the hot mantle |
| George Buffon ideas | suggest that Earth might be much older than a few thousand years |
| Adaption | inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
| Jean Baptiste Lamarck Ideas | Lamarck proposed that life evolves, or changes. |
| Darwins Observations aboard the HMS Beagle | here, he observed and collected thousands of specimens of South American plants and animals from diverse environments. He studied organisms and their adaptations from places as different as the Brazilian jungle, the grasslands of the pampas. |
| Charles Lyell ideas | proposed that gradual and observable geologic processes such as erosion could explain the physical features of today's Earth. |
| Descent with modification | process by which descendants of ancestral organisms spread into various habitats and accumulate adaptations to diverse ways of life |
| Natural Selection | process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring than do other individuals |
| Population Numbers and Variation | That population numebers grow over time due to repopulation and that if we keep growing it will outgrow resources |
| Artificial Selection | selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with desired genetic traits |
| How do pesticides show NS | relatively small amount of poison dusted onto a crop may kill 99 percent of the insects. But later sprayings are less and less effective. For example, the flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) is a pest species that damages stored grain. |
| Gene Pool | all of the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population |
| What processes lead to genetic variation? | You start with an original population and the Bottleneck effect happens then the Genetic variation is stored within |
| Frequency of alleles | how often certain alleles occur in the gene pool. |
| Microevolution | evolution on the smallest scale—a generation-to-generation change in the frequencies of alleles within a population |
| Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over |
| Genetic drift | change in the gene pool of a population due to chance |
| Bottleneck effect | When a event happens to a population that decreases the original population to a smaller surviving population |
| Founder effect | founder effect because the change relates to the genetic makeup of the founders of the colony. |
| Gene flow | exchange of genes between populations |
| How does natural selection lead to fitness? | contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation compared to the contributions of other individuals |
| Explain Peter and Rosemary Grants study whats the bio | Daphne Major is an isolated, uninhabited island about the size of a football stadium. Two species of finch inhabit the island, the medium ground finch and the cactus finch. The island's small size and limited population of finches |
| how does natural selection cause Sickle cell allele to stay in populations? | ickle cell disease is caused by a recessive allele. Only homozygous individuals—those who inherit the recessive allele from both parents—have the disorder. |
| How does antibiotic resistance evolve in bacti? | After a while he bacteria is grown through the bacteria that makes is out grow the original bacteria |
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Alemac4
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