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Bio Exam #3
Bioloigy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Phenotype | the expressed physical characteristic |
| Genotype Dominant | A need only one gene (allele) to express the trait |
| Genotype Recessive | a need both genes (alleles) to express the trait |
| Genotype Homozygous | AA-Dominate aa-Recessive |
| Genotype Heterozygous | Aa |
| What is a gene? | a section of DNA that has the info to construct a protein |
| Genes | DNA that codes for a protein |
| Chromosomes | visible DNA organized around histomes only visible during mitosis or meiosis |
| Haploid | 1 set gamete 1n |
| Diploid | 2 sets somatic 2n |
| Zygote | fertilized egg first cell in the body |
| How are gametes produced? | Meiosis |
| Meiosis only will produce... | sex cells (aka- gametes, sperm, egg, germ cell) |
| Stem cell | cells that are able to become other types of cells |
| Stem cell rejection issues | embryonic-yes adult-no |
| Totiopotent stem cells | ability to give rise to almost any cell type, embryonic and adult ( all genes ON) |
| Pluripotent stem cells | Capabke of giving rise to most tissue types but not embryonic membranes (1. trophoblast body genes OFF, placenta genes ON) (2. inner cell mass body genes ON, placenta genes OFF) |
| Multipotent stem cells | |
| Down's Syndrome | 3 #21 chromosones non-disjunction of the ovum (typically) non-disjunction of the sperm the % goes up in women over 40 (amniocentesis testing in fetus karotype chromosone analysis) |
| Tuner's Syndrome | X0 (45) Female- which does not develop fully stocky and webbed neck |
| Triplo-X Syndrome | XXX (47) NON-DISJUNCTION OF THE OVRUM non apparent physical abnormalities fertile |
| Klinefelter's Syndrome | XXY (47) male testies underdeveloped breast developed body hair is sparse, possible learning disabilities |
| Jacob Syndrome | XYY males generally taller then normal persistant acne possible learning disabilities |
| Protein synthesis | is the basis for the existence and maintenance of all life on the planet |
| What are Proteins? | proteins are sequences of amino acids |
| How many different amino acids are there? | there are 20 different amino acids 7 of which are considered essential b/c you have to have them in your diet |
| How is protein made? | sequences amino acids (put them in the right order) |
| Polynerization | putting together the molecule |
| RNA | nucleotides form single stranded one nucleotide chain |
| DNA | nucleotides form double stranded two nucleotide chain |
| Helix | twisted ladder (DNA only) |
| Transcription | is when DNA is "read" and a Code (3 base sequence on the DNA) is transcribed into a Codon (3 base sequence on mRNA) |
| mRNA | carries the info to the ribosome in the cell cytoplasm where it is translated |
Created by:
irishd189
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