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Earthquakes2018

Earthquake Review

QuestionAnswer
The shaking and trembling that result from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface. earthquake
A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume. Stress adds energy to the rock that is stored until the rock breaks. stress
Any change in the volume or shape of Earth’s crust. Deformation causes the crust to bend, break, tilt, fold, and slide. deformation
Stress that pulls on the crust. The rock is stretched and becomes thinner in the middle. tension
A break in Earth’s crust where slabs of crust slip past each other, up, down, or sideways. They normally occur along plate boundaries. fault
The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock that is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake. The focal point! focus
The point on the surface directly above the focus. Scientists can draw circles to show distances from 3 seismograph stations to locate the....... epicenter
Vibrations that travel through Earth’s Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquakes Seismic waves
The first waves to be sent out from an earthquake. Waves move together and move apart like an accordion. P waves
Arrive SECOND, after P waves. Waves that vibrate from side to side and up and down. They cause the ground to shake back and forth and structures to shake violently. S waves
Waves that are P waves and S waves changed once they reach the surface (on the land). They produce a lot of damage! Surface Waves
A tool used by geologists to measure the vibrations of seismic waves. It records the ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the Earth. Seismograph
The strength of an earthquake or how strong it is. Magnitude
An earthquake’s violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud. As the ground gives way, buildings sink and pull apart. Can also trigger landslides Liquefaction
An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area of an earthquake that has already occurred. After shocks can occur hours, days, or even months later. After shocks
A jolt caused by an earthquake causes the ocean floor to rise slightly and push water out of its way and large waves result. Tsunamis
To reduce earthquake damage buildings must be: Strong in order to resist violent shaking. Flexible so it can twist and bend without breaking.
For safety,avoid building on certain sites. Don’t build on: Steep slopes (they can cause landslides) and fault lines
For safety, construction should include.... Reinforced walls and homes built on soft ground should be anchored to solid rock below the soil.
2 types of folded rock layers are.... anitclines and synclines
shearing creates this type of fault.... strike-slip fault
In this type of fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up or down motion. strike-slip fault
Tension causes this type of fault.... normal fault
In this type of fault, the hanging wall moves upward past the footwall.... reverse fault
In this type of fault, the hanging wall moves DOWNWARD past the footwall.... normal fault
An area of flat land that is elevated high above sea level is called a..... plateau
Which scale rates earthquakes according to their intensity? Mercalli Scale
Which scale is a rating of the size of seismic waves? Richter Scale
Which scale is a rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake? Moment Magnitude Scale
A building designed to REDUCE the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake is called.... base-isolated building
Stress that pushes a mass of rock in TWO OPPOSITE directions is called.... shearing
Stress force that SQUEEZES rock until it folds or breaks is called..... compression
To protect yourself during an earthquake, you should...... Drop, Cover and Hold
Created by: Mrs.Verano
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