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GI System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Process of breaking down the complex food into simple nutrients the body can absorb and convert to energy | Digestion |
| Inflammation and ulcerations in the mouth caused by infections | Stomatitis |
| Primary nursing intervention for stomatitis | Oral care |
| Appropriate food for stomatitis | Less acidic food, avoid fresh fruit cuz of bacteria |
| Varice veins inside the esophagus | Esophageal varices |
| Gastric secretions flow upward into the esophagus, damaging the tissues | GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
| Causes of GERD development | Poor developed sphincter, high stress, smoking, drinking and obesity |
| Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | Treat with diet, medications, weight loss. |
| Passage of dark stools stained with altered blood | Melena |
| Inflammation of the stomach mucosa | Gastritis |
| Tx of gastritis | Neutralize acid in the stomach or decrease acid production |
| Nursing intervention for gastritis | Stop smoking, avoid food that can cause indigestion, avoid aspirin or ibuprofen or take with food |
| Erosions that form in esophagus, stomach, or duodenum (anywhere on the elementary canal) | Ulcers |
| Causes of Peptic ulcers | Imbalance of Acid/Pepsin |
| Causes of Stress ulcers | Erosive gastritis that starts to bleed |
| Function of Appendix | Stores and repopulate GI tract with good bacterias |
| Inflammation of the vermiform appendix | Appendicitis |
| What is the best assessment tool to detect appendicitis | Pain level |
| Nursing interventions for appendicitis | Assess pain, monitor vital signs, keep client NPO, assess bowel sounds, monitor lab |
| Saclike protrusions of intestinal wall | Diverticula |
| A condition characterized by the presence of numerous diverticula in the colon | Diverticulosis |
| Inflammation of a diverticulum or of diverticula in the intestinal tract, causing fecal stagnation and pain | Diverticulitis |
| Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis | LOSIS, it’s OK, no problem, you just have it, but risk for inflammation, which is LITIS, dangerous. |
| Diet for Diverticulosis | High fiber diet |
| Diet for Diverticulitis | NPO, no fiber and very low residue food, complete liquid |
| Severe inflammation and ulcerations of the bowel | Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis |
| Diet for Crohn’s disease | Total parenteral IV nutrition. |
| The contents cannot pass through the intestine | Intestinal Obstruction |
| Medical treatment for intestinal obstruction | Insert an NG tube for decompression, provide IV fluids for rehydration, and treat the cause |
| Occur when the wall of a muscle weakens and the intestine protrudes through the muscle wall | Hernias |
| Where are the common hernias located? | Abdomen |
| Lining of abdominal cavity | Peritonium |
| Inflammation of the peritoneum | Peritonitis |
| Swollen vascular tissues in the rectal area | Hemorrhoids |
| Treatment of Hemorrhoids | Sitz baths, creams, and suppositories to decrease inflammation and swelling, fiber supplements, stool softeners, or surgery |
| Hard, infrequent stools that are difficult and/or painful to pass | Constipation |
| Treatment for constipation | Fiber supplements, stool softeners, laxatives, enemas, diet modifications, increased activities, and increased fluids |
| Chronic, degenerative changes in the liver cells and thickening of surrounding tissue | Cirrhosis |
| Swollen liver | Hepatomegaly |
| Swollen spleen | Splenomegaly |
| Chronic or acute inflammation of liver caused by virus, bacteria, drugs, alcohol abuse, or other toxic substances | Hepatitis |
| Transmission of Hepatitis A and E | Fecal-Oral route |
| Acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas | Pancreatitis |
| Inflammation of the gallbladder | Cholecystitis |
| Presence of gallstones (calculi) in the gallbladder | Cholelithiasis or gallstones |
| Tx for Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis | Low-fat diets, analgesics, and surgery |
| Risk factor for cholicystitis | Pregnant women, using hormone replacement therapy, taking birth control pills, over age 60, American Indians, Mexican Americans, overweight or obese men and women, family history, diabetes, cholesterol-lowering drugs |
| Forms of oral cancer | Lips, tongue, oral cavity, and pharynx |
| Grow in the lining of intestine | Polyp |
| Is chemotherapy effective against oral cancers? | No, Treatment is primarily surgical, remove the affected part |
| Third most common site of new cancers and deaths in the United States | Colorectal Cancer |
| Liver cancer is primary or secondary? | Secondary, usually metastases from other sites in the body and are asymptomatic until later stages |
| Where in the GI are most nutrients absorbed? | In the small intestine, stomach, simple sugar in mouth, water in large intestine |
| What will the consistency of stool evacuated from small intestine/large intestine look like? | More normal in the end of rectum, more watery in small intestine or at beginning of small, because the function of large is to absorb water. |
| What is the function of the colon? | Recycling, reabsorption of water |
| When will a client be most likely to have a BM? | After a meal, the new food pushes the old one, when resting. |
| How will this affect your planning/implementation of a bowel training program? | Plan accordingly. Plan to eliminate incontinence, Client should have a regular BM, develop a routine, risk for skin break down, help to wipe them good. |
| Use of Bedpan | 2 types, regular and fracture |
| Use of BSC, bed side commode | Closest to the bed |
| The process of wavelike muscle contractions of alimentary tract that moves food along | peristalsis |
| What factors reduce or increase peristalsis? | Age, Smoking, gastritis… |
| What is “fecal occult test”? | Test performed at home in which you collect specimens of your stool that are tested for traces of blood |
| What are sign that you need to test this? | If suspected blood in stool. |
| Blockage of bowel | Bowel obstruction |
| Constipation | Ask for last BM, difficult to go, |
| Digital removal of bowel that is obstructed just at the end | Fecal impaction |
| Bag in small intestine | Ileostomy |
| Bag in the colon | Colostomy |
| Giving an enema: supplies, position, procedure | keep nearby towel, BSC or bedpan by the bed, about 2 inches inside, look at the instructions |
Created by:
fausfez
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