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Invertebrates
super long
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| body functions in simple animals are carried out on... | cell/tissue level |
| an invertebrate is | an animal without a backbone |
| body functions in more complex animals are carried out in... | specialized organs and organ systems |
| What is symmetry | arrangement of body parts |
| What type of symmetry do simple animals have? | radial symmetry |
| what type of symmetry do more complex animals have? | bilateral symmetry |
| What is radial symmetry | body parts repeat around a center point |
| what does sessile mean? | attached at their base |
| what type of animals can be sessile | ones with radial symmetry |
| what is bilateral symmetry | when cut in half it is a mirror image |
| What type of animals dont have a right or left side | ones with radial symmetry |
| whats the anterior | head or front end |
| whats the posterior | rear end |
| whats the dorsal | upper or backside |
| whats the ventral | the lower or belly side |
| what is cephalization | a gathering of sense organs and nerve cells in the anterior |
| What does the ectoderm form? | the covering of the animal |
| what does the endoderm form | the lining of the alimentary canal |
| What does the mesoderm form? | tissues, organs, and organ systems |
| what is the coelom | provides space for the internal organs (body cavity) |
| Whats an example of the Phylum Porifera | sponges |
| what type of symmetry does Phylum Porifera have? | no symmetry-asymmetrical |
| what is the body plan for sponges | hollow sac |
| What is the osculum | a large excurrent pore |
| where is the osculum | at the top of the sponge |
| what is the outer layer of the Phylum Porifera made up of | incurrent pores |
| In Phylum Porifera, what are the two kinds of celles the inner layer is made up of and what do they do? | Choanocytes filter and trap food and Amebocytes carry digested food around the sponge |
| Whats the name of the hard skeleton of a sponge? soft skeleton? | Spicules, Spongin |
| How does a sponge exchange nutrients and gas | by diffusion |
| why can a sponge excrete toxic ammonia | it is soluble in water |
| Reproduction of a sponge can be ____________ or _____________ | sexual or asexual |
| the two ways a sponge can have asexual reproduction are | gemmules and regeneration |
| What are 5 examples of the Phylum Cnidaria? | Jellyfish, Hydra, Sea Anemonies, Corals, Portugues-man-of-war |
| The Symmetry type of a Cnidaria is | radial |
| the two body forms of a Cnidaria are | polyp and medusa |
| An example of a polyp is | a hydra |
| a polyp moves by | floating upside down or somersaulting |
| an example of a medusa is | a jellyfish |
| medusa move by | jet propulsin |
| medusia is ____ shaped | bell |
| the stinging cells on Cnidaria are called | nematocysts |
| nematocysts are found on | the tentacles |
| intracellular means | digestion occurs inside the cells |
| In Cnidaria, a skeleton is only found in ______ | Coral |
| What is an example of the Phylum Platyhelminthes? | unsgmented flatworms |
| What are things in the Phylum Platyhelminthes bodies like? | flat and no segments |
| What type of symmetry does the Phylum Platyhelminthes have? | bilateral |
| Does cephalization occur in Phylum Platyhelminthes | yes |
| Is there a mesoderm in Phylum Platyhelminthes | yes |
| How are things in the Phylum Platyhelminthes classified | whether they are free living or parasitic |
| What are the three classes in the Phylum Platyhelminthes | Turbellaria, Trematoda, and Cestoda |
| Class Turbellaria: Whats an example | Planaria |
| Class Turbellaria: Are they free living or parasitic? | free-living |
| Class Turbellaria: What is their body shaped like? | anterior- blunt and posterior- pointed |
| Class Turbellaria: what is the body covered with? | cilia |
| Class Turbellaria: what is the purpose of eye spots | to sense light |
| Class Turbellaria: How do they move? | cilia and three types of muscle cells- circular, longitudinal, and oblique |
| Class Turbellaria: what is used for excretion | flame cells |
| Class Turbellaria: what type of reproduction do the have | sexual and asexual |
| Class Turbellaria: what does hermaphrodite mean | it contains both male and female reproductive organs |
| Class Turbellaria: what is cross fertilization | when they both give sperm and both get pregnant |
| Class Turbellaria: is there a seperate mouth and anus? | no they have a tube that serves as both |
| Parasites: what are the Means of attachment | hooks, suckers or both |
| Parasites: The digestive system is _______ | reduced or there is no digestive system at all |
| Parasites: The system that is greatly expanded is the_________ | reproductive system (its very complex) |
| Parasites: The life cycle is complicated with _____________ | intermediate hosts |
| Parasites: What do they have to help them not be digested by hosts | protective coverings |
| Class Trematoda: what phylum does it belong to? | Phylum Platyhelminthes |
| Class Trematoda: what is an example | flukes |
| Class Trematoda: are they free living or parasitic | parasitic |
| Class Trematoda: what is the tegument | a tough outer covering for protection |
| Class Trematoda: how do they attach | suckers ONLY |
| Class Trematoda: TRUE/FALSE they are not hermaphroditic | false, they are |
| Class Trematoda: what is the intermediate host in its life cycle? | the snail |
| Class Trematoda: Whats the blood Fluke | shistosoma- leaves the snail and looks for a vertebrate to infect |
| Class Cestoda: What phylum does this class belong to | PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES |
| Class Cestoda: whats an example? | tapeworms |
| Class Cestoda: what is the scolex? | the knob shaped head |
| Class Cestoda: how do they attach? | both hooks and suckers |
| Class Cestoda: What are proglottids? | square body sections (not segments) added behind the scolex |
| Class Cestoda: where are the oldest proglottids? | the posterior end |
| Class Cestoda: Do they have a mouth, anus or digestive system? | no |
| Class Cestoda: how do they get nutrients | they are absorbed by diffusion through the body surface |
| Class Cestoda: TRUE/FALSE Proglottids are hermaphroditic reproductive units | true |
| Class Cestoda: what are the two ways they can reproduce | cross fertilization and self fertilization |
| PHYLUM NEMATODA: what is an example | unsegmented round worms |
| PHYLUM NEMATODA: Most widespread and numerous of all_________ | the multicellular animals |
| PHYLUM NEMATODA: the body plan is_______ | a tube within a tube |
| PHYLUM NEMATODA: they are the simplest animal to have what? | both a seperate mouth and anus |
| PHYLUM NEMATODA: are the free living or parasitic | most are free living but some are parasitic |
| PHYLUM NEMATODA: what type o digestion do they have | extracellular |
| PHYLUM NEMATODA: What are the three types of parasitic roundworms | Ascaris, hookworms, and Trichinella |
| PHYLUM NEMATODA: What forms a cyst in muscles and then can not be treated by drugs? | the trichina worm |
| PHYLUM NEMATODA: how do hookworms enter a vertebrates body? | they penetrate bare feet |
| PHYLUM NEMATODA: what do hookworms do once they are inside a vertebrates body? | attach their hooks to the intestines and rip them causing bleeding and anemia |
| PHYLUM NEMATODA: do hookworms have hooks, suckers or both | ONLY HOOKS |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: What is an example | chiton |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what is the foot | contains the mouth |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what is the mantle | membrane that secretes the shell |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: where is the mantle located | just inside the shell |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what makes the shell hard | calcium carbonate or CaCO2 |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: whats the visceral mass? | contains the internal organs |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: the 4-part body consists of | foot, mantle, shell and visceral mass |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: who has a break like jaw? | tentacled mollusks |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what is a radula? | scraping structure in snails to get food |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: how do aquatic mollusks breathe | with gills |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: how do terrestrial mollusks breathe | through their mantle cavity |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: why does the mantle cavity have to stay moist | for gas exchange (so terrestrial mollusks can breathe |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: when are snails and slugs active? | at night or early morning when humidity is high |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what type of circulatory system do sessile mollusks have? | open |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what type of circulatory system do tentacled mollusks have? | closed |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what does open circulatory system mean? | the blood does not stay in vessels, it justs bathes the organs directly |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what does closed circulatory system mean? | blood remains in vessels |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: What helps them with excretion | nephridia(tubes) |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what does nephridia do | removes ammonia |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what type of reproduction do most mollusks have | external fertilization |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what type of reproduction do tentacled mollusks have | internal fertilization |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: how are mollusks classified | their type of foot and their shells |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what is a valve | another name for a shell |
| PHYLUM MOLLUSCA: what are the three classes | Class Gastropoda, Class Bivalvia, Class Cephalopoda |
| Class Gastropoda: what are 4 examples | snail, slug, abalone and conches |
| Class Gastropoda: how many shells do they have | 1 external shell or none at all |
| Class Gastropoda: what does the name mean? | "Stomach Foot" |
| Class Gastropoda: what kind of shell does a snail have | 1 external |
| Class Gastropoda: what type of shell does a slug have | none |
| Class Gastropoda: What phylum does it belong to | Phylum Mollusca |
| Class Bivalvia: what phylum does it belong to | Phylum Mollusca |
| Class Bivalvia: what are 3 examples | clam, scallop, oyster |
| Class Bivalvia: what type of mollusks belong in this class | ones that have 2 shells |
| Class Cephalopoda: what phylum does it belong to | Phylum Mollusca |
| Class Cephalopoda: what are 4 examples | squid, octopus, cuttlefish, chambered nautilus |
| Class Cephalopoda: what type of mollusks belong in this class | tentacled mollusks |
| Class Cephalopoda: what does the name mean? | "Head Foot" |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: what are examples | segmented roundworms |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: TRUE/FALSE their digestive system is incomplete | false it is complete |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: what are the two parts of the digestive system | the crop and the gizzard |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: what does the crop do | store food |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: what does the gizzard do | grinds food |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: TRUE/FALSE they have no nervous system | false, they have a small nervous system(a small brain) |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: What type of circulatory system do they have | closed |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: what type of respiration do they have | they breathe through their moist skin |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: what are setea | bristles that help them move |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: what are 2 groups of muscles that help them move | circular and longitudinal |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: what help them move | setea and muscles |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: what are clitellum | a band of segments with openings for ovaries and testes |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: are they hermaphrodites | yes |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: how do they reproduce | cross fertilization |
| PHYLUM ANNELIDA: What are the two classes | Oligochaeta and Hirudinea |
| Class Oligochaeta: what is an example | earthworms |
| Class Hirudinea: what is an example | leeches |
| PHYLUM ARTHROPODA: what limits the size | the exoskeleton |
| PHYLUM ARTHROPODA: what is the definition of arthropoda | jointed appendages |
| PHYLUM ARTHROPODA: TRUE/FALSE their bodies are segmented | true |
| PHYLUM ARTHROPODA: where is their heart | dorsal |
| PHYLUM ARTHROPODA: what type of circulatory system do they have | open |
| PHYLUM ARTHROPODA: where is the nerve cord | ventral |
| PHYLUM ARTHROPODA: what helps aquatic arthropods with excretion | green glands near base of antennae |
| PHYLUM ARTHROPODA: what helps terrestrial arthropods with excretion | malpighian tubules |
| PHYLUM ARTHROPODA: what are the 3 repiratory structures | gills, trachea, booklungs |
| PHYLUM ARTHROPODA: What are the 3 subphylums | Chelicerata, Crustacea and Uniramia |
| SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA: What phylum does it belong to | Phylum Arthropoda |
| SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA: what class does it include | arachnida |
| SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA: how many head appendages do they have | 2 |
| SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA: what is the 2 part body made up of | cephalothorax and abdomen |
| SUBPHYLUM CHELICERATA: what is a cephalothorax | fused head and chest |
| Class Arachnida: What phylum does it belong to | Phylum Arthropoda |
| Class Arachnida: what subphylum does it belong to | subphylum chelicerata |
| Class Arachnida: what are 4 examples | spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites |
| Class Arachnida: how many pairs of mouth parts do they have | 2 |
| Class Arachnida: what are the two pair of mouth parts | Chelicerae and Pedipalps |
| Class Arachnida: what are chelicerae | hollow fangs used to poison and suck juices from its prey |
| Class Arachnida: what do pedipalps do | hold the prey |
| Class Arachnida: how many pair of walking legs do they have | 4 |
| Class Arachnida: where are the legs attached | to the cephalothorax |
| Class Arachnida: what are the two parts of the body | cephalothorax and abdomen |
| Class Arachnida: eyes are _______ | simple |
| Class Arachnida: how many eyes do they have | 8 |
| Class Arachnida: where are spinnerets | on the abdomen |
| Class Arachnida: what do spinnerets do | make the web and bind prey |
| Class Arachnida: do they have antennae | no |
| Class Arachnida: are there both male and females? | yes |
| Class Arachnida: which is usually larger: male or female | female |
| Mites and Ticks: What class are they in | class Arachnida |
| Mites and Ticks: what subphylum are they a part of | subphylum chelicerata |
| Mites and Ticks: what phylum are they a part of | phylum arthropoda |
| Mites and Ticks: how many body parts do they have | ONE the cephalothorax and abdomen are fused together |
| Mites and Ticks: what are different about there Chelicerae | they are needle like to pierce skin |
| Mites and Ticks: what kind of parasites are they? (internal or external) | external |
| Scorpians: What class are they in | class Arachnida |
| Scorpians: what subphylum are they a part of | subphylum chelicerata |
| Scorpians: what phylum are they a part of | phylum arthropoda |
| Scorpians: what enlarge into claws | Pedipalps |
| Scorpions: what does the abdomen have | a venomous barb |
| Scorpion: what does the venomous barb do | flips over the scorpions head to sting the prey |
| SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA: What phylum does it belong to | Phylum Arthropoda |
| SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA: how many head appendages are there | three or more |
| SUBPHYLUM CRUSTACEA: What two classes does it include | Maxillopoda and Malacostraca |
| Class Malacostraca: what is the exoskeleton made up of | chitin and CaCO3 (its very hard) |
| Class Malacostraca: what protects the internal organs | carapace |
| Class Malacostraca: what is the Carapace | the shell like covering over the thorax part of the cephalothorax |
| Class Malacostraca: what subphylum does it belong to | Crustacea |
| Class Malacostraca: What are 5 examples of Malacostraca | shrimp, lobster, crab, sowbug, crayfish |
| Class Malacostraca: how many pair of head appendages do they have | 4 |
| Class Malacostraca: what are the head appendages a part of | the cephalothorax |
| Class Malacostraca: what are the antennules | organs of equilibrium or balance |
| Class Malacostraca: which are shorter antennules or antennae | antennules |
| Class Malacostraca: how man antennae are there | 4 or 2 pair |
| Class Malacostraca: what are antennae | sensory organs |
| Class Malacostraca: what are the true jaws | mandibles |
| Class Malacostraca: what are mandibles | jaws that chew up and down |
| Class Malacostraca: what are the maxillae | jaws that chew side to side |
| Class Malacostraca: how many pairs of walking legs are there | 4 pairs |
| Class Malacostraca: where are the walking legs attached | the thorax |
| Class Malacostraca: what are chelipeds | large claws |
| Class Malacostraca: how many total pairs of legs are there | 5 pairs |
| Class Malacostraca: what helps them swim foward | swimmerets |
| Class Malacostraca: what two things help them swim backwards | uropods and telsons |
| Class Malacostraca: what are uropods | flat tail snaps foward and propels the animal backwards |
| Class Malacostraca: what is a telson | triangular piece used to swim backwards |
| Class Malacostraca: what are the 3 parts of the abdomen | swimmerets, uropod, and telson |
| Class Malacostraca: what does the last pair of appendages develop into | the uropod |
| Class Malacostraca: how do they breathe | through gills |
| Class Malacostraca: do they have simple or compound eyes? | compound |
| Class Malacostraca: how many pairs of eyes do they have | 1 pair |
| Class Malacostraca: what excretory organs are there | green glands |
| Class Malacostraca: where are the green glands | the head |
| Class Maxillopoda: What phylum does it belong to | Phylum Arthropoda |
| Class Maxillopoda: What subphylum does it belong in | Crustacea |
| Class Maxillopoda: what is an example | barnacle |
| Class Maxillopoda: what is the only sessile crustacean | barnacle |
| Subphylum Uniramia: what phylum does it belong to | phylum arthropoda |
| Subphylum Uniramia: what are the three classes that it includes | chilopoda, diplopoda and insecta |
| Class Chilopoda: What phylum is it a part of | Phylum Arthropoda |
| Class Chilopoda: what subphylum does it belong to | subphylum uniramia |
| Class Chilopoda: what is an example | centipede |
| Class Chilopoda: how many legs are there per segment | 1 pair of legs per segment |
| Class Chilopoda: are they poisonous | yes |
| Class Chilopoda: where are the poison claws | the first segment |
| Class Diplopoda: What phylum does it belong to | phylum arthropoda |
| Class Diplopoda: what subphylum does it belong to | subphylum uniramia |
| Class Diplopoda: what is an example | millipedes |
| Class Diplopoda: how many pairs of legs are there per segment | 2 pairs of legs per segment |
| Class Insecta: what phylum does it belong to | Phylum Arthropoda |
| Class Insecta: what subphylum does it belong to | subphylum uniramia |
| Class Insecta: what is an example | insects |
| Class Insecta: how many parts is the body divided into | 3 parts |
| Class Insecta: What are the three parts of the body | head, thorax, and abdomen |
| Class Insecta: how many pair of antennae are there | 1 pair |
| Class Insecta: how many parts is the thorax divided into | 3 parts |
| Class Insecta: how are the legs connected to the thorax | one pair in each part |
| Class Insecta: what are the 3 parts of the thorax | prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax |
| Class Insecta: what is the first section of the thorax called | prothorax |
| Class Insecta: what is the middle section of the thorax called | mesothorax |
| Class Insecta: where are the jumping legs | the metathorax |
| Class Insecta: what is the name of the third section of the thorax | metathorax |
| Class Insecta: if the insect has wings where would the first pair be | on the mesothorax |
| Class Insecta: are there any legs attached to the abdomen | no |
| Class Insecta: what is the Tympanum | the hearing organ |
| Class Insecta: where is the Tympanum located | on the 1st abdominal segment |
| Class Insecta: how do they breathe | through trachea |
| Class Insecta: what are trachea | branched tubes that they breathe through |
| Class Insecta: what are openings in the trachea called | spiracles |
| Class Insecta: what eyes do they have | 1 pair of compound eyes and 3 simple eyes |
| Class Insecta: what type of excretion do they have | uric acid |
| Class Insecta: what is less toxic than ammonia | uric acid |
| Class Insecta: what is entomology | the study of insects |
| Class Insecta: insects have been successful in their survival due to ________ | variation |
| Class Insecta: what are the 3 types of variation | structural, physiological, and behavioral |
| Class Insecta: what are structural variations | size, shape and # of appendages |
| Class Insecta: what are examples of structural variations | legs, wings, and mouth parts |
| Class Insecta: What are 2 main types of physiological variation | incomplete metamorphosis and complete metamorphosis |
| Class Insecta: what is incomplete metamorphosis | egg to nymph to adult |
| Class Insecta: what is complete metamorphosis | egg to larva to pupa to adult |
| Class Insecta: other than types of metamorphosis what are 2 examples of physiological variation | enzymes in saliva and web making |
| Class Insecta: what is behavioral variation | live in societies or share work |
| Class Insecta: what are examples of behavioral variations | bees and ants |
| Phylum Echinodermata: what are 5 examples of them | starfish, brittlestar, sea urchin, sand dollar, and sea cucumber |
| Phylum Echinodermata: what type of symmetry do the have as larvae | bilateral symmetry |
| Phylum Echinodermata: what type of symmetry do they have as adults | radial symmetry |
| Phylum Echinodermata: what is the endoskeleton | the inner skeleton |
| Phylum Echinodermata: where do they ALL live | in salt water |
| Phylum Echinodermata: what does Pentaradial mean? | 5 rays or arms |
| Phylum Echinodermata: what is at the end of each ray or arm | an eyespot |
| Phylum Echinodermata: what is the aboral surface | the dorsal side |
| Phylum Echinodermata: where is the anus | on the aboral surface |
| Phylum Echinodermata: what is the oral side | the ventral side |
| Phylum Echinodermata: where is the mouth | the oral surface |
| Phylum Echinodermata: do they have a complete or incomplete or no digestive system | complete |
| Phylum Echinodermata: they are the only animals with what? | a water-vascular system |
| Phylum Echinodermata: what controls the feet | the water-vascular system |
| Phylum Echinodermata: what is the purpose of the water-vascular system | to act as a circulatory system |
| Phylum Echinodermata: what is used for feeding | the water-vascular system |
| what is the madroporite or madreporic plate | the opening on the aboral surface |
| Phylum Echinodermata: What regulates the water flow | the madroporite or madreporic plate |
| Phylum Echinodermata: TRUE/FALSE the stomach of a starfish can exit its mouth to help digest food | true |
| Phylum Echinodermata: what does a starfish use to pull clamshells apart | its tube feet |
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