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Epidemiology vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is Epidemiology? | The study of the occurrence, distribution and determinant factors which are related to health-related issues or events in specified populations and the application of the information from the study to control specific health-related problems. |
| What are 3 factors/issues that are commonly addressed in an Epidemiological study but are not limited to? | Identification, Etiology, and occurrence. |
| What is figured out in the identification stage of a disease? | Description of the disease, Clinical features and Characteristics, Diagnostic features and Tests. |
| Define Etiology/Etiological Agent: | Cause |
| What is figured out for the "Occurrence" category of a disease? | Where the diseases is known to occur: World wide, pop. groups and individuals involved, risk factors, information regarding current and historic outbreaks. |
| Reservoir: | An animate or inanimate object in or on which a pathogenic agent multiplies and/or survives and develops, and is dependent for its survival/existence in nature. Source of the etiological agent in nature. |
| Ultimate reservoir: | The permanent reservoir for maintaining the etiological agent in nature. |
| Intermediate reservoir: | A reservoir in/on which the etiological exists for a temporary period of time before transferring 2 an Ultimate Reservoir. In some cases parts of an etiological agent's life cycle is involved w/ the intermediate Reservoir and completed in/on the Ult res |
| Mode of transmission: | Mechanisms by which an etiological agent is transferred from one source to another. |
| Incubation Period: | The time interval b/w when a susceptible host encounters (insult) a pathogen and develops recognizable symptoms. Period of time from Insult->Clinical symptoms |
| Communicable disease/infection: | A disease/infection/toxicity due to a specific etiological agent or its toxic products that arise through the transmission of that agent or its production from an "infected" person, animal or inanimate source to a susceptible host (directly/indirectly). |
| What are the two ways to transmit a disease? | A. Directly: Source->Susceptible Host B. Indirectly: Source->Intermediate Source->Susceptible Host |
| Period of Communicability: | The time period during the natural pathogenesis (progression) of a disease/infection/toxemia in which the pathogenic agent is transmissible to a susceptible host. |
| Note for Period of Communicability... | The period of communicability of different infections varies considerably during the normal course (Pathogenesis) of the clinical Infection. |
| Susceptible Host: | An individual who is at risk for developing a specified disease/infection/toxemia. |
| Resistant Host: | An individual who does not develop the clinical disease/infection/toxemia when exposed to the etiological agent. |
| Prevention and Control Methods and Procedures:(12) | M.I.I.R.V.C.I.I.E.M.P.M |
| Disease: | An interruption,cessation, or disorder of body functions, systems or organs. |
| Infection: + Caveat/Exception to "Bio" | Disease caused by a "biological agent" (Micro- and Macro Biology) + Bio refers to living agent; however, Viruses and Prions are which are not involved with many different infections are not living agents. |
| Etiology/Etiological agent: | Cause/Causative Agent |
| Idiopathic Disease: | Etiology/Cause unknown |
| What are the 4 types of Etiological Agents? Give example of each: | 1. Physical agents: Heat, Cold, Irradiation, Ultrasonics, etc. 2. Chemical agents: Organic solvents, inorganic chemicals, toxins, medications, etc 3. Biological agents: Eukaryotic cells, Prokaryotic cells. 4. Non-living Biological agents: Prions, virus |
| Etiology: Living agent: = (Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells) + Non-living agent: | Eukaryotic cells (Fungi, parasites, etc.) Prokaryotic cells (Bacteria, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia) Non-living agent: Viruses and Prions. |
| Dynamics of infection: (process of infection) | Successful transmission from the source/reservoir-> gain entry onto/into host->Etiological agent exhibits biological activity: Metabolic/Non-metabolic-> Replication: Increase of Etiological Load-> Proliferation/Dissemination. Localized infection->systemi |
Created by:
syurkin
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