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Drgs affctn bld coag
Pharm Test 3 ch. 48
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two types of blood disorders? | Thromboembolic disorder and Hemorrhagic disorders |
| What is the cause of Thromboembolic disorders? | Coronary artery disease |
| Whhat are the major concerns of thromboembolitic disorders? | Over time vessels can get more and more narrow and then oxygen can not get through , which makes the tissues die |
| What is the cause of Hemorrhagic disorder? | Excess bleeding, genetics, due to a disease process where you would lose clotting factor eg. bone marrow disease,platelet disorder, also medications if overdosed |
| What are the concerns for Hemorrhagic disorders? | Bleeding and vessels bursting |
| What are antiplatelet agents? | They prevent bleeding |
| What is the drug in the classification: antiplatelet agents? | Aspirin |
| What is the action of aspirin? | Inhibits platelet inherance (can't stick together) |
| What is the indication of Antiplatelet agents? | Heart disease where there is occluted vessels, blood clots in legs and heart |
| What is the contraindication with antiplatelet agents? | Anyone who has a bleeding disorder |
| What are the adverse reactions of antiplatelet agents? | Bleeding, GI-gastric pain and bleeding, CNS-weakness, dizziness, skin rash!!! |
| What are some drug to drug interactions? | Blood thinners (cumadin, heparin) |
| What are the nursing implications for antiplatelet agents? | Assess: medical hx, labs H&H, if the pt is going in for an invasive procedure (could rupture blood vessesls), and other medications that the pt is on |
| What kind of drugs are in the classification of anticoagulants? | Heparin and Warfarin |
| What is the action of heparin and warfarin? | Interferes with the normal clotting process (makes blood thinner) Heparin (changes prothrombin to thrombin) Warfarin (causes a decrease in the production of vit K- dependent clotting factorsin the liver |
| What is the indication of heparin and warfarin? | Both reduce risk of blood clots |
| What is are the contraindications of these drugs? | Bleeding disorders, gastric ulcers, pregnancy |
| What are the adverse reactions of these drugs? | Bleeding and GI distress |
| What is the drug to drug interactions for Heparin? | Aspirin, penicillon, cephalosporins and any other anticoagulant |
| What is the drug to drug interaction for Warfarin? | A lot, need to look up |
| What are the nursing implications for Heparin? | Recognize frank blood (blood coming from places it shouldn't be eg. when coughing; look for black stools, cuts (bleeding may not stop); If little dots it means that the clotting factor is off, call doctor right away and pt can't miss blood tests!!! |
| What are the nursing implications for Warfarin? | Avoid Vit K food (dark green leafy vegies) and supplements |
| What is the Heparin antidote? | Protamine Sulfate (it will bind w/ heparin and take out of system) |
| What is the antedote for Warfarin? | Vitamin K (causes clotting); takes 24-48 hrs to be effective, acute bleed- FFP (fresh frozen plasma) also may cause seizures |
| Why is low molecular weight heparin the drug of choice? | Because it doesn't effect clotting and is thus safer to use |
| What is the drug in the classification: low molecular weight heparin? | Enoxaprin |
| What is the trade name of Enoxaprin? | Lovenox, SC injection |
| What is the action of the low molecular weight heparin? | It inhibits thrombus and clot formation |
| What is the indication for Enoxaprin? | To prevent clots in patients who are on bedrest and cancer therapies |
| What are the contraindications for low molecular weight heparin? | Any bleeding disorder or hemmorhage |
| What is the adverse reaction of Enoxaprin? | Bleeding! |
| What are the drug to drug interactions? | Never regular heparin! (can cause severe hemorrhage) |
| What are the nursing implications of Enoxaprin? | Have pt avoid bumps and bruises; Monitor platelets (CBC) question anything under 100,000; Do PT and INR as baseline every day so it doesn't get too high |
| What is the drug in the classification: Thrombolytic Agents? | Urokinase IV infusion |
| What is the action of Urokinase? | It breaks down thrombus, used to open central line or pick line; stimulates plasmin system, block catheter site (basically breaks down a blood clot) |
| What is the indication of thrombolytic agents? | MI heart attack (given within 6 hrs) |
| What are the contraindications of Urokinase? | Recent surgeries, CVA (stroke hemmorhagic), cerebral vascular accident, annyurisms, GI bleeding, or major trauma |
| What is the adverse reaction of the thrombolytic agents? | Bleeding! |
| What are the drug to drug interactions? | Any other anticoagulant |
| What are the nursing implications of taking a thrombolytic agent? | Timing: how longhas it been since symptoms began? any other signs of bleeding? Bleeding prob hx, type cross match for blood transfusions, during procedure have to have more than one IV access point |
Created by:
laneygurl6
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