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CRCT Review Stack
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Steps of the scientific method | observation, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, draw conclusion, and communicate results(POHECCC) |
| Quantitative data | Data in the form of numbers |
| qualitative data | Data you get by using your Five Senses |
| inference | educated guess |
| hypothesis | clear statement of what you expect the answer to be |
| Stimulus/response | stimulus causes response |
| independent variable(manipulated) | variable that is changed |
| dependent variable(responding) | object responding to the change |
| accuracy | how correct something is |
| precision | how accurate something is |
| gram | mass |
| meter | distance |
| liter | volume(liquid) |
| why the metric system? | standard unit of measurement in science all over the world |
| Compound microscope | A microscope with many different components |
| magnification | Another word for zoom |
| resolution | The level of clarity in which something can be observed with |
| Leeuwenhoek | animalcules "pond water" |
| Robert Hooke | 1st person to describe cells, built a microsocope |
| Mendel | Father of genetics (pea plants) |
| Linnaeus | This person founded the naming system |
| Aristotle | created the Dichotomous Key |
| Charles Darwin | This person is considered to be the father of the Theory of natural selection |
| SURGRCE | Similar chemicals Use energy Reproduce Grow and develope Respond to surroundings Chemicals of life are similar Excrete |
| Number of organisms needed | asexual: 1 sexual: 2 |
| Exchange of genetic material(yes,no) | asexual: no sexual: yes |
| Genetic makeup of offspring | asexual: identical sexual: varies |
| Advantages | asexual: 2 organisms not needed sexual: variations |
| Disadvantages | asexual: No variations sexual: Need 2 organisms |
| homeostasis | maintain stable internal conditions |
| metabolism | sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| unicellular | one cell |
| multicellular | more than one cell |
| Cell Theory (three parts) | 1.all organisms are made of cells 2.the cell is the basic unit of all living things 3.All cells come from other cells |
| define organelle | small body in the cytoplasm that is specialized to perform a specific function |
| compare/contrast mitochondria to chloroplast | mitochondria- energy to animal cells, cellular respiration takes place chloroplast- chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place, food for plants |
| Building blocks of life- what is the difference between organic and inorganic | organic contains carbon while inorganic do not |
| 4 organic compounds | lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| what is an enzyme? | a protein that speeds up chemical reactions |
| What is the function of the cell membrane(a.k.a. plasma membrane)? | to dictate what can and can't enter or leave the cell |
| Define selectively permeable membrane | Lets certain things in the cell |
| Osmosis | diffusion of water |
| diffusion | movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration |
| active transport | needs energy |
| endocytosis | cell surrounds large particle and brings particle into a cell |
| exocytosis | large particle leaves the cell |
| Active Transport | Going up a hill would be what kind of transport? |
| Passive Transport | going down a hill would be what type of transport? |
| Mitosis vs. meiosis | mitosis- warms body cells - total number of chromosomes meiosis- forms gamotes - halves the number of chromosomes |
| interphase | longest stage of cell cycle |
| mitosis(PMAT) | Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telephase |
| cytokinesis | cell pinches into two new cells |
| photosynthesis | 6 carbon + 6 water -> (sun) 6 oxygen + glucose |
| Cellular respiration | 6 oxygen + glucose -> 6 carbon + 6 water + energy |
| fermentation | breakdown of food without the use of oxygen |
| Aerobic | Use of oxygen |
| Anaerobic | without use of oxygen |
| Heredity | Passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| genetics | gene makeup of an organism |
| Phenotype | physical makeup |
| genotype | gene makeup (alleles) |
| recessive traits | lower case letter |
| dominant traits | capital letter |
| homozygous (ex.) | TT |
| heterozygous(ex.) | Tt |
| probability | Likelyhood of an event to occur |
| Punnett square | All possible outcomes in crossing alleles |
| Carrier | Carries genes but does not show the trait |
| Selective Breeding (inbreeding and Hybridization) | |
| Fossils and sedementary rocks | |
| what is evolution? | Inherited characteristics within population change over generations |
| Natural selection | organisms adapted to the environment will survive and reproduce |
| Adaption | A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
| Relative Dating | method of determining whether an event or object is older or younger than other events or objects |
| Branching tree | |
| mimicry | Similarity of one species to another |
| camouflage | to conceal |
| explain darwin's observations (darwin's finches) | beaks different - ability to eat food |
| the peppered moths of manchester | Adapted to the industrial waste (soot) from the smoke stack by changing color |
| Evidence from anatomy | homologus structures |
| Evidence from DNA | DNA sequencing |
| Evidence from fossils | Carbon dating |
| evidence from Embryology | gill slits |
| Levels of classification for the human body | atom, molecule, compounds, organelles, cells, organs, organ systems, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere |
| MRS.ICE NERDI | |
| Digestive system | mouth, esophogus, stomach, intestines |
| respiratory system | nose, mouth, trachea, lungs |
| Circulatory system | heart, arteries, veins, blood |
| Excretory system | kidneys, bladder, uriter tubes |
| Muscular system | muscles |
| skeletal system | bones |
| nervous system | brain, nerves |
| Immune system | Lymph nodes |
| Endocrine system | Hormones |
| taxonomy | science of describing, classifying, and naming living things |
| binomial nomenclature | two part naming system - genus species |
| genus | |
| species | thst most specific classification system |
| seven or possible eight levels of classification (largest to smallest) | Domain, kingdom, phylem, class, order, family, genus, species |
| dichotomous key | Identification that uses sequential pairs of descriptive statements |
| Archabecteria | unicellular, prokaryote,autotrophic + heterotrophic |
| eubacteria | unicellular, prokaryote, autotrophic + heterotrophic |
| Fungi | unicellular (yeast), mostly multicellular,eukaryote heterotrophic |
| plants | multicellular, eukaryote, autotrophic |
| animals | multicellular, eukaryote, heterotrophic |
| Protists | mostly unicellular, multicellular (some form in colonies), eukaryote, autotrophic (algae), heterotrophic |
| bacteria: sexual | conjugation |
| bacteria: asexual | binary fission |
| fungi: sexual | spores |
| fungi: asexual | budding |
| plants: sexual | egg and sperm |
| plants: asexual | spores |
| invertabrates | without a backbone |
| vertabrates | with a backbone |
| ectotherm | |
| endotherm | |
| symmetry: radial | center point |
| symmetry: bilateral | line down middle |
| adaptations: cuticle | waxy layer that coats most of the plants surface that are exposed to air |
| adaptations: support | roots, stem, cell wall, water from plants |
| adaptations: flowering | angeosperm |
| adaptations: cone | gymnosperm |
| life cycle: sporophyte | plants make spores |
| life cycle: gametophyte | second stage of life cycle-new plants; egg and sperm |
| what are the characteristics of vascular plants? | have vascular tissue, roots to shoot |
| vascular plants: xylem | vascular tissue transports water and minerals through plants |
| vascular plants: phloem | vascular tissue that transports food molecules to all parts of plants |
| what is an example of a vascular plant? | fern |
| what are the characteristics of nonvascular plants? | no vascular tissue; low growing |
| what is an example of a nonvascular plant? | moss, liverworts, hornworts |
| what are some characteristics of protists? | mostly unicellular, some form colonies |
| what are some types of protists? | animal-like protists, fungus-like protists, plant-like protists |
| what are some animal-like protist examples and characteristics? | ameba- jellylike protozoans found in fresh and salt water, in soil, and as parasites in animals paramecium- 2 kinds of nucleui |
| what are some fungus-like protist examples and characteristic? | water mold, slime mold (water mold is heterotropthic) |
| what is an example of a plant-like protist? | algae |
| what types of protists are there? | eukaryote autotrophic-algae,euglena heterotrophic |
| how do protists reproduce? | most-asexual (binary fission) sexual-conjugation |
| characteristics of fish | have fins, scales, and gills. coldblooded |
| three main groups of fish | jawless, cartilaginous, bony |
| characteristics of amphibians | go through a water-dwelling and land-dwelling stage skin is moist and can be used for absorption of oxygen fertilization is external coldblooded |
| three main groups of amphibians | caecilians, salamanders, frogs and toads |
| characteristics of reptiles | dry skin that is covered in scales lay shell-covered eggs well developed skeleton structure fertilization is internal coldblooded |
| three main groups of reptiles | turtles and tortoises, crocodiles and alligators, snakes and lizards |
| producer | Organism that makes its own food |
| secondary consumer | animal that eats plant eating animals |
| decomposer | organism that breakes down the wastes or remains of other organisms |
| Tertiary consumer | animal that eats meat eating animals |
| scavenger | animal that eats dead organisms |
| algae and phytoplankton | main producers in lakes and oceans |
| omnivore | consumer that eats both plants and animals |
| carnivore | consumer that eats only animals |
| herbivore | consumer that eats only plants |
| What is always the first link in a food chain? | producers |
| What is the limit of links that most food chains have? | most have 4-5 links (depends on ecosystem) |
| Why is there less energy available at the last link than at the first link in a food chain? | energy has been transferred to organisms |
| What do the arrows in a food chain show? | transfer of energy |
| List eight biotic factors in the ecosystem | plants, birds, snakes, trees, mice, grass, lily pads, bunnies |
| List four abiotic factors in the ecosystem | rocks, soil, water, and sunlight |
| In each link of the food chain, approximately ___________ of the energy in the food chain is transferred to the next level. | 10% |
| A diagram that shows how energy moves through a food chain is called a ___________ | food pyramid |
| All of the energy in an energy pyramid comes from the __________ | producers |
| In an ecosystem, there are far more producers than there are _______________ | consumers |
| At the top of the energy pyramid, the consumers are called ________ | top level consumers |
| fewer organisms can be supported at each level because there is less ___________ | energy |
| resources in an ecosystem are (abundant/limited) | Limited |
| (predation/competition) is the struggle among organisms for resoureces in an ecosystem. | Competition |
| In competition, animals that are better adapted to conditions in the habitat are (more/less) likely to survive and reproduce. | More |
| competition among plants is (less/more) active than competition among animals. | |
| A relationship in which an organism kills and eats another organism is called (competition/predation) | predation |
| An organism that kills and eats another oraganism is called (a predator/prey) | A predator |
| (symbiosis/competition) is a close relationship between two organisms from differetn species that may help or harm one of the organisms. | symbiosis |
| Prey species (can/cannot) benefit from predation. | |
| Predators are (less/more) likely to catch, kill, and eat weak or unhealthy animals than strong, healthy ones. | more |
| An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism is called (a predator/prey) | prey |
| Mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism? shark and remore fish | commensalism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism? Clownfish and sea anemone | mutualism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism? ticks and dog | parasitism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism? spanish moss and tree | commensalism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism? bee and flower | mutualism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism? tapeworm and human | parasitism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, predation, or parasism? one organism kill and eats another | predator |
| Mutualism, commensalism, predation, or parasism? organisms weaken or kil their hosts | parasitism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, predation, or parasism? bee pollinate flowers as they collects nectar | mutualism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, predation, or parasism? Orchids attach themselves to adn grow on trees | commensalism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, predation, or parasism? Diseased or less fit members of a herd are caught and eaten | predator |
| Mutualism, commensalism, predation, or parasism? Both organisms benefit | mutualism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, predation, or parasism? one organism lives on or in another organism causing harm | prasititism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, predation, or parasism? wolves feed on caribou | predator/prey |
| Mutualism, commensalism, predation, or parasism? one organism benefits and the other is not affected | commensalism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, predation, or parasism? Fleas feed on the blood of a pet dog | Parasitism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, predation, or parasism? Barnacles on a mussel shell | |
| Mutualism, commensalism, predation, or parasism? Lichen, algae, and fungus that live together |
Created by:
JillSheldon
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