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1,3-6, 7
Test 1
| Question | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Plasma Membrane | seperates life from non life consists of phospholipid bilayer and proteins. contents is cytoplasm |
| Cytoskeleton | Gives cell shape and structural stability. Moves the cell itself and materials within the cell. no membranes. Long thin fibers made of protein on the inside of the cell wall. |
| Mitochondion | Enzymes that are responsible for synthesizing ATP They can grow and divide independently from the cell or nuclear division. Double membrane. contains small chromosomes containing a gene |
| Peroxisome | Oxidation(removes electrons from atoms and molecules) of fatty acids, ethanol, or other compounds single membrane. Globular. Originates from buds from the ER. |
| Lysosome | Function as digestive centers. transporting. excrete monomers. Contain acid called lumen. Contains enzymes Transporting Each enzyme specializes in breaking up different macromolecule Excrete monomers |
| Golgi Apparatus | consists of flattened membranous sacs Trans side is facing the membrane Cis is facing the RER Cis receives product Trans ships products out toward the cell surface. |
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Catalyze reactions involving lipids. detoxification. |
| Ribosomes | Protein manufacturing synthesis and processing Consist of RNA or rRNA molecules. Puts Amino acids together to create protein. |
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum | Protein synthesis and processing Double membrane, continuation of nuclear envelope. Has ribosomes on outside. |
| Chromosomes | In bacteria consist of a large DNA molecule. Found in the nucleotide Looks like a ribbon crumpled up and thrown in. |
| Nucleus | Information storage and processing center. Double membrane, pore like openings. |
| Nuclear envelope | Structural support (nuclear lamina stiffens the structure) Double membrane, pore like openings. |
| Centrioles | |
| Cell Wall | Protects the organism and gives shape and rigidity. |
| Chloroplast | Pigments Sunlight is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis. double membrane- inside membrane flattened vesicles which are stacked in piles Stroma- between piles critical enzymes and substrates are found. |
| Plasmids | extra chromosomal genes, help cells adapt to unusual circumstances. ex. poison |
| Flagellum | few in numbers, extension of cytoskeleton-located on cells surface. In charge of movement. microtubular hold it in place. few in numbers located on cells surface over 40 proteins are involved in building and controlling a flagellum |
| Cytoplasm | |
| Nucleolus | Where RNA molecules found in ribosomes are manufactured Large and small ribosomal subunits are assembled |
| Biology | Study of life |
| Life | It is hard to define because of the huge ethical debate on when life officially starts |
| Cell Theory | A direct challenge to the prevailing explanation of where cells come from |
| How did Pasteur’s experiment with pasteurized broth help support the Cell Theory? | His experiment proved that cells can't spontaneously generate in nutrition |
| Monomer | a molecule subunit (ex: amino acids, nucleotides, or a sugar) |
| Polymer | Large number of similar units bonded together |
| Dehydration synthesis | Monomers polymerize into polymers by removing a water molecule |
| Hydrolysis | Polymers are broken down into monomers by adding a water molecule |
| What are the four levels of protein structure? | Primary(sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide), Secondary(a-helix or B-plated in a poly peptide), Tertiary(3-D shape of polypeptides), Quaternary(Combination of polypeptides, combination of tertiary) |
| Describe the role of the plasma membrane and how it sustains cellular life and homeostasis | It separates life from non life. Consisting of phospholipids bilayer and proteins. It creates an internal environment. The proteins allow passage of compounds required for life and prohibit entry to material dangerous to life. |
| What are the key differences in plant cells and animal cells? | How they get their food, the plant uses photosynthesis to produce its food, animal cells move to their food. |
| What do plant cells and animal cells have in common? | Both have their DNA in a nucleus, both create their proteins by sending out a rRNA so the ribosomes can use dehydration synthesis to form the proteins from the monomer amino acids |
| Compare and contrast plant cells and animal cells. | Similarly: Both have a cell wall, nucleus, nuclear envelope, RER, SER, Golgi apparatus, ribosome, peroxisome, flagellum, Mitochondion, cytoskeleton Animal: Lysosomes, centrosome, Plant: Chloroplast |
| Centrosome | Provide stability and are involved in movement. two bundles of microtubles |
| Microtubles | composed of 2 proteins to form dimers, which then form a hollow tube |
| Vacuole | |
| What are the three domains | bacteria, archalea, eukarya |
| compartmentalization | increases surface area. Separating to divide up jobs. |
| Lumen | inside ER shapes and modify function of protein |
| polysaccharides | A carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together. |
| monosaccharides | Any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar. |
Created by:
ewyatt137
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