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Bio 3.3 Vocabulary
meiosis, DNA and genes, protein synthesis, genetics/traits, genetic engineering
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| meiosis | special cell division process that creates gametes |
| diploid | 2n; body cell with a full set of chromosomes |
| haploid | n; sex cell with half the normal # of chromosomes |
| gamete | sex cell |
| somatic cell | normal body cell |
| sperm | male gamete |
| egg | female gamete |
| zygote | fertilized egg formed by fertilization |
| n | haploid (half) |
| 2n | diploid (di=2) |
| fertilization | joining of sperm and egg to create a zygote |
| crossing over | exchange of genes from one homologous chromosome to another during meiosis |
| nondisjunction | failure of chromosomes to separate correctly during division |
| gene | a segment, or piece, of DNA |
| DNA | instructions for making proteins; the "code of life." |
| chromosome | long, condensed strands of DNA |
| nitrogen base | part of a nucleotide; adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil |
| ribosome | site of protein synthesis in cells |
| protein synthesis | the process of making proteins |
| transcription | first stage of protein synthesis; mRNA is created from a segment of DNA |
| translation | second stage of protein synthesis; codons are read and amino acids are assembled into proteins |
| amino acid | building block of proteins |
| mRNA | messenger; copy of DNA instructions |
| tRNA | transfer; brings amino acids to ribosomes |
| rRNA | ribosomal; ribosomes- puts amino acids together |
| trait | characteristic or attribute expressed by genes |
| mutation | error or change in DNA bases |
| allele | form of a gene |
| phenotype | expression of a genotype; "how it looks" |
| genotype | types of genes or allele combination |
| heterozygous | genotype with two different alleles |
| homozygous | genotype with two of the same alleles |
| dominant | allele that hides the recessive and is always expressed |
| recessive | allele masked by the dominant and can only show when 2 recessive alleles are present |
| hybrid | two different alleles; heterozygous |
| sex-linked trait | trait or gene carried on the sex chromosomes, usually x-linked |
| pedigree | a diagram that shows the inheritance of a trait over generations |
| genetic engineering | technology that involves the altering of genes and DNA in organisms |
| gene splicing | removing a gene from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism |
| recombinant DNA | DNA formed by gene splicing |
| cloning | creating identical genetic copies of organisms |
| gel electrophoresis | tool and technique used to create a DNA fingerprint/banding pattern |
| DNA fingerprint | an individual's unique sequence of DNA created using gel electrophoresis |
Created by:
jsills
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