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Intro to Genetics
Chapter 10 and 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| heterozygous | Refers to an individual with two identical alleles for a trait (AA or aa) |
| allele | a Variation of a gene |
| incomplete dominance | Neither allele is completely dominant, so a heterozygous individual expresses a blending of two traits |
| F2 generation | The offspring from crosses among individual of the F1 generation. This generation always has a 3:1 phenotypic ratio and 1:2:1 genotypic ratio |
| polygenic | This pattern of of inheritance occurs when phenotypes are part of a bell shaped pattern of continuous variation i.e. skin color. This characteristic is due to the interaction of multiple genes. |
| multiple alleles | A gene that involves 2 or more alleles |
| F1 generation | The first offspring resulting from the cross of the P generation. The offspring are always 100% heterozygous |
| phenotype | Observable characteristic of an organism |
| Dominance | The allele that is always expressed |
| monohybrid cross | A genetic cross using a single trait |
| dihybrid cross | A genetic cross using two traits |
| codominance | 2 alleles are equally dominant, therefore they are expressed equally in a heterozygous individual |
| recessive | This allele can be masked by the presence of one dominant allele |
| independent assortment | Alleles for different traits do not influence the each other’s segregation during meiosis (gamete formation) |
| genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism |
| test cross | This type of cross is used to determine the genotype of a heterozygous individual |
| heterozygous | This individual has two alternate forms of an allele (Aa) |
| segregation | Allele pair (homologous pairs) separate during gamete formation |
| True-breeds | pure gene lines- offspring always match the parent (aa or AA) |
| self pollination | pollen from flower fertilizes the same plant |
| cross fertilization | pollen from flower fertilizes a different plant |
| hybrid | the offspring form a cross between parents with different traits |
| epigenetics | study of how genes are influenced by environmental conditions |
| sex linked traits | genes located on X or Y chromosome. |
| pedigree | a family tree that shows the inheritance of a genetic disorder |
| carriers | individuals that do not have the disorder by can pass it on (heterozygous) |
| gene linkage | genes on the same chromosome tend to be linked (inherited together) |
| loci | location of a gene on a chromosome |
Created by:
alexisjacobsen
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