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Endocrine S. Drugs
Pharm Test 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Endocrine System's main function? | To maintain homeostasis |
| What happens when too much or too little glandular activity occurs? | -disrupts homeostasis -leads to various disorders -interferes with the normal functioning of other endocrine glands |
| Where do the hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the release of hormones come from? | The Hypothalamus (its boss and tells the pituitary what to do) |
| What is the drug in the classification: Drugs Affecting hypothalamic hormones? | Leuprolide |
| What is the trade name for Leuprolide? | Lupron |
| What route is it only? | IM |
| What is the action of Leuprolide? | Blocks action of testosterone, blocks secretion of gonadotropic hormones, mimics estrogen hormone |
| What is the indication for Leuprolide? | Prostate Cancer, Endometriosis, and precoscious puberty (too soon) |
| What is Leuprolide contraindicated with? | Renal impairment, peripheral vascular disease (alters absorption) |
| What are the adverse reactions of Leuprolide? | -increase release of certain sex hormones -in males can become more feminine -in females more hot flashes, mood swings -Fluid retention |
| What are the drug to drug interactions of Leuprolide? | -Estrogens (cancounteract the therapeutic effects) |
| What are some nursing interventions for Leurprolide? | -teach client to take med correctly -that if a man, understands adverse reactions -check vitals -and weigh for fluid retention -monitor PSA and testosterone levels |
| What is a growth hormone agonist? | It means that it acts like the growth hormone |
| What is the drug in the classification: Growth hormone agonist? | Somatropin |
| What is the trade name for Somatropin? | Nutropin |
| Should this drug be given to adults? | No, because it will not work once the epiphesis is closed on the growth plate of a child (usually after 12) |
| What is the action of somatropin? | It is a replacement for growth hormone |
| What is the indication of Somatropin? | To treat growth problems in children who have a lack of growth hormone |
| What is Somatropin contraindicated with? | -closed epiphyses in bone, can't take anymore -anyone that has complications with open heart surgery |
| What are some adverse reactions with Somatropin? | -Bone pain -Joint swelling -can develope insulin resistance (prone to hyperglycemia) |
| What are some drug to drug interactions with Somatropin? | Liver enzymes (many change the metabolism of Somatropin) |
| What are som enursing interventions for Somatropin? | -get patient drug hx -do physical assessment -get medical hx -teach the patient that this can be a very painful medication to take and teach the parents too -get a baseline chem test |
| What is a growth hormone antagonist? | Works against the growth hormone |
| What is the drug in the classification: Growth hormone antagonist? | Bromocriptine Mesylate (pt has to stay on it for the rest of their life) |
| What is the trade name for Bromocriptine Mesylate? | Parlodel |
| What is the action of Bromocriptine Mesylate? | It is a dopamine agonist (acts like dopamine) that inhibits growth hormone secretion, and stops the bones from growing |
| What is the indication of Bromocriptine Mesylate? | Acromegally (gigantism) not limited to children |
| What is Bromocriptine Mesylate contraindicated with? | Diabetes and thyroid problems |
| What are some adverse reactions of Bromocriptine Mesylate? | -GI upset -posteral hypotention -drowsiness |
| What are some drug to drug interactions with Bromocriptine Mesylate? | Phenothyazines (decreases the effect of Bromocriptine Mesylate) |
| What are the nursing indications for Bromocriptine Mesylate? | -physical exam -medical hx -Vitals -medications that the pt is on -client teaching |
| What is the drug in the classification:Drugs affecting posterior pituitary hormones? | Desmopressin |
| What is the trade name of Desmopressin? | DDAVP |
| What is the action of Desmopressin? | Replaces ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and increases plasma osmolarity |
| What is the indication of Desmopressin? | Diabetes insipidus (people don't prodice enough)keeps kidneys from releasing too much H2O and sodium |
| What is Desmopressin contraindicated with? | Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, certain vascula diseases, and hyponatremia |
| What are the adverse reactions of Desmopressin? | water intoxication, N/V, injection site can get irritated |
| What are drug to drug interactions with Desmopressin? | Digoxin, Ace inhibitors, Potassium sparing drugs |
| What are the nursing implications of Desmopresin? | Assessment, labs (electrolytes), medical hx, drug hx |
| Where are the adrenal gland located? | Flattend bodies that sit on top of each kidney |
| What is the adrenal glands composed of? | Adrenal Medulla: an inner core that is part of the SNS Adrenal Cortex: an outer shell that produces hormones called corticosteroids |
| What are Glucocorticoids? | Steroid hormones released from the adrenal cortex; they increase blood glucose levels, fat deposits,and protein breakdown for energy |
| What drug is in the classification: Glucocorticoids? | Prednisone |
| What is the trade name for Prednisone? | Deltasone |
| What is the action of Prednisone? | It stimulates an increase in glucose levels for energy. They also increase the rate of protein breakdown and formation from amino acids, another way of preserving energy |
| What is the indication of Prednisone? | For infalmmatory or immune disorders, and COPD |
| What is Prednisone contraindicated with? | When someone has an infection, diabetics,(cautious use) emphasema, skin infections |
| What are te drug to drug interactions? | A lot, need to look up |
| What are the nursing interventions for Prednisone? | Vitals, physical exam, assess to see if drug is working |
| What are mineralocorticoids? | Steroid hormones released by the adrenal cortex; they cause sodium and water retention and potassium excretion |
| What is the drug in the classification: Mineralcorticoids? | Fludrocortisone |
| What is the trade name of the drug? | Florinef |
| What is the action of Fludrocortisone? | Affects electrolyte levels and homeostasis; replaces aldosterone to prevent loss of sodium and water and excrete potassium by renal tubule |
| What is the indication of Fludrocortisone? | Used to treat adrenal insufficiency, inflammation, and allergic response |
| What is Fludrocortisone contraindicated with? | Conjestive heart failure, people with hypertention because drug makes body retain water, also infections |
| What are soe adverse reactions of Fludrocortisone? | Fluid overload (causes F & E imbalance), headache, confusion, disorientation, hypokalemia, heart irregularities |
| What are so drug to drug interactions? | Aspirin, barbituates, dilantin |
| What are the nursing implications for Fludrocortisone? | Assessment, baseline labs, listen to heart and lung sounds, check for edema |
| What does the thyroid gland do? | It regulates everything |
| What are the functions of the thyroid hormones? | Regulates the rate of metabolism; affects heat production/ body temp; Affects oxygen consumption, cardiac output, and blood volume; Affects enzyme system activity; Affects metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; regulates growth and development |
| Where is calcium control located? | Parathyroid |
| What is Hyperthyroidism? | Makes everything increase, Graves Disease, Increased body temp, tachycardia,thin skin, palpitations, hypertension, flushing, weight loss, goiter |
| What is Hypothyroidism? | Lack of sufficient thyroid hormone; obesity, fatigue,mimics signs of aging (heavy, slow,sluggish) |
| What is the drug in the classification: Thyroid Hormones? | Levothyroxine |
| What is the trade name for Levothyroxine? | Synthroid |
| What is the action of Levothyroxine? | Increases the metabolic rate of fats |
| What is Levothyroxine indicated for? | Hypothyroidism |
| What is Levothyroxin contraindicated with? | Heart attack, acute thyroid toxicity |
| What are adverse reactions of Levothyroxin? | Increased HR,respirations, hypertension |
| What are drug to drug interactions? | Take Levothyroxin 2 hrs apart from any other drug |
| What are the nursing implications for Levothyroxine? | Physical assessment, medical hx, heart problems, vitals, teaching (for the rest of their life), and adverse effect teaching |
| What are antithyroid agents? | Used when there is too much thyroid hormone which is hyperthyroidism |
| What are the two drugs in the classification: Antithyroid Agents? | Propylthiuracil and Potassium iodide |
| What is the trade name for Propylthiuracil? | Athiomide |
| What is the trade name for Potassium Iodide? | Iodine Solution |
| What is the action for Propylthiuracil? | Prevents the formation of the thyroid hormone |
| What is the action of potassium Iodide? | Causes them to stop making it |
| What is the indication of the drugs? | Hyperthyroidism |
| What are the contraindications of these drugs? | Pulmonary edemaand pulmonary tuberculosis |
| What are the adverse reactions of Prpylthiuracil and Potassium Iodide? | Hypothyroidism (slows everything), fetus may develop goiter |
| What are the drug to drug interactions? | Anticoagulants (increase risk for bleeding), and many others, should look up |
| What are the nursing implications for these drugs? | Assessment, effect of drug, and teach pt about the possible adverse effects |
| What are the two parathyroid dysfunctions? | Hypoparathyroidism and Hyperparathyroidism |
| What is Hypoparathyroidism? | absence of the parathormone, accidentalremoval of the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery |
| What is Hyperparathyroidism? | excessive production of parathormone (genetic or tumor) |
| What is the drug in the classification: antihypocalcemic agents? (less common) | Calcitrol |
| What is the trade name of this drug? | Rocaltrol |
| What is the action of Rocaltrol? | To act like vitamin D, to stimulate calcium absorption from the intestine and restores the serum calcium to a normal level |
| What is the indication for Rocaltrol? | Used to treat Hypocalcemia and osteoporosis, defiiceint levels of PTH result in hypocalcemia |
| What is contraindicated with this drug? | Kidney stones |
| What are some adverse reactions of Rocaltrol? | N/V, constipation, headache, irritability |
| Drug to drug interactions? | Magnesium containing meds (risk for hypermagnesia), and dnt have pt take at the same time as fat soluble vitamins |
| What are the drugs used in the classification: Hypercalcemia agents? | Biphosphonates and Calcitonins |
| What is the action of Biphosphonates? | Blocks reabsorption, slows hypercalcemia |
| What is the action of Calcitonins? | Inhibits reabsorption (doesn't happen) |
| What is the indication of biphosphonates and calitonins? | Treats osteoporosis and Paget's disease |
| What is contraindicated with these drugs? | hypocalcemia |
| What are some adverse reactions of biphosphonates and calcitonins? | GI distress, joint pain |
| What are some drug to drug interactions? | Biphosphonates (any anacid), calcium products, multi vitamins, iron |
| What are the nurisng implications of the antihypocalcemic agents and antihypercalcemic agents? | Monitor calcium levels, past medical hx, assess for adverse reactions, get drug history |
Created by:
laneygurl6
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