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Bio Unit 3 test prep
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are viruses? | nonliving particles that are very small |
| Are cells nonliving? If so, why not? | Yes because they aren't made of cells and they can't reproduce |
| Are they named with binomial nomenclature? | No |
| What's in the inner core of viruses? | DNA or RNA |
| What is the viruses outer protein coat called? | Capsid |
| Do viruses replicate? If so, when? | Yes, only inside a host cell and with the help of the host cell |
| Where must the virus attach in order to reproduce? | the host cell's receptor site with attachment protein |
| What is the lytic cycle? | It's when the virus enters the cell, forces the cell to make copies and causes the cell to burst forming new viruses |
| What can fight a virus's lytic cycle? | your immune system |
| Examples of a virus's lytic cycle.. | flu or a cold |
| What happens in lysogenic cycle? | The virus DNA is injected into the provirus, the host cell acts normally (reproducing viruses indefinitely. |
| How can viral DNA take over the host cell? | When the host is exposed to x-rays, UV light, and/or certain chemicals |
| What happens when the viral DNA takes over the host cell? | the host cell bursts releasing new viruses to invade other cells |
| Examples of lysogenic cycle.. | HIV, rabies, STDs |
| What's a prion? | It's a particle that's not really a virus but not anything else |
| Do prions have RNA and DNA? | No; its only protein |
| Examples of prions... | Mad Cow Disease |
| What kingdom WERE bacteria in? | Monera |
| What kingdom(s) are bacteria in? | Eubacteria and Archaebacteria |
| Do bacteria move or not? If so, how do they? | They are motile or sessile; They are motile by flagellum |
| What are endospores? | A highly resistant, thick-walled structure around their DNA formed under harsh conditions |
| Do endospores disappear? If so, how? | Yes, when conditions are favorable |
| What are the two ways bacteria produce (say which is sexual and asexual)? | Binary fission(asexual) and Conjugation (sexual? |
| What is conjugation? | |
| What kingdom was bacteria in? | Monera |
| What kingdom(s) is bacteria in? | Eubacteria and Archaebacteria |
| What is the cell wall composition of archaebacteria and eubacteria? | pseudomurein and peptidoglycan |
| Do bacteria move? If so, how do they? | They are motile and sessile; They move by flagella |
| What are endospores? | Highly resisitant, thick-walled structure around a bacterium's DNA formed under harsh conditions |
| Can endospores disappear? | Yes when conditions are favorable |
| How do bacteria reproduce? (sexually and asexually) | By conjugation and binary fission |
| What is binary fission? | It's when a bacterium produces two identical cells |
| What's a disadvantage of binary fission? | There is little variation unless there's a mutation |
| What is conjugation? | The act in which 2 bacteria exchange genes; it's sexual reproduction that leads to binary fission |
| What is an advantage of conjugation? | It causes variation |
| How do bacteria conjugate? | By their pilus |
| What is a pilus? | A bacteria's extension of a cell wall |
| What are the uses of bacteria? | Decomposers of organic material, industrial processes (food making), agriculture(nitrogen fixation), environment, medicine, sewage treatment, |
| What is a bacteria that decomposes organic material? | saprophytes |
| Nickname for archaebacteria? | ancient bacteria |
| Where do archaebacteria live? | extreme environments |
| What nickname is archaebacteria given for the place they live in? | extremophiles |
| What are bacteria found in swamps called? | methanogens |
| What are bacteria found in places like the Dead Sea and why are they there? | halophiles and they are there because they are salt loving which the Dead Sea is full of |
| What type of bacteria are found in deep sea vents, bottom of geysers and in volcanoes? | thermophiles |
| What does Eubacteria mean? | true bacteria |
| What two division of eubacteria are there? | autotrophs and heterotrophs |
| What are the 2 kinds of autotrophs? | Photoautotrophs and Chemoautotrophs |
| What color are photoautotrophs? | They are cyanobacteria so they are blue-greenish. |
| What are some common bacterial diseases? | Food poisoning, strep throat, bronchitis, tuberculosis, tetanus, many STDs |
| What are some food poising diseases? | salmonella and Clostridium botulinum (Botulism) |
| What are ways to control bacterial growth? | cooking, chemical sterilization/dry heat, freezing, antibiotics, disinfectants, vaccines |
| What does bacteria need in order to grow? | moisture, darkness, warm temperature |
| Do bacteria need darkness in order to grow? Which type of bacteria cannot grow with darkness? | No it's preferred; photoautotrophs |
| What color is the cell wall if the eubacteria's cell wall is gram positive? | purple |
| What does gram positive mean? | It means the cell wall for the eubacteria has lots of peptidoglycan |
| What color is the cell wall if the eubacteria's cell wall is gram negative? | pink |
| What does gram positive mean? | It means the cell wall for the eubacteria does not have lots of peptidoglycan |
| What are obligate aerobes? | They require oxygen |
| What are obligate anaerobes? | no oxygen |
| What are facultative anaerobes? | They use oxygen when present |
| What are antibodies? | proteins that bind to the surface of a virus flagging it for death |
| What are common viral diseases? | measles, mumps, AIDs, chicken pox, polio, rabies, flu |
| How are lytic and lysogenic cycle alike? | The host cell bursts |
| What is a disease causing agent? | pathogen |
| Give 3 characteristics about protists. | All eukaryotes, most are unicellular, either heerotrophic or authotrophic |
| What are plankton? | They are unicellular aquatic organisms |
| Are protists motile? If so, how? | Some are by moving with flagella |
| Three qualities of Plant-like Protists. | They are algae, photoautotrophs, and have cell walls made of cellulose |
| What phylum is the Euglenoids from? | Phylum Euglenophyta |
| What is an example of a Euglenoid along with 5 qualities? | An example is Euglena; unicellular, has a flagella, photosynthetic, no cell walls, mostly freshwater |
| What phylum is the Golden Algae from? | Phylum Bacillariophyta |
| What is an example of a Golden Algae along with 6 qualities. | An example is Diatoms; they are mostly unicellular, 2 part outer shell; glass-like silica; abrasive; diatomaceous earth; also a major component of aquatic ecosystems |
| What phylum is the Green Algae from? | Phylum Chlorophyta |
| What is an example of a Green Algae along with 3 characteristics. | An example is Volvox; it isunicellular and multicellular,has chlorophyll, and is believed to be the ancestor of plants |
| What phylum is the Brown Algae from? | Phylum Phaeophyta |
| What is an example of the Brown Algae along with 4 traits? | Examples are seaweed and kelp; They are multicellular, a source of iodine, used in fertilizers, and photosynthetic |
| What phylum does the Red Algae belong to? | Phylum Rhodophyta |
| What are examples of red algae along with 5 qualities. | Examples are coralline algae and nori; They are multicellular, very complex, food, used for agar, and photosynthetic |
| What is the phylum for Dinoflagellates? | Phylum Dinophyta |
| What are 4 qualities of Dinoflagellates? | Some are photosynthetic, some are bioluminescent |
| Qualities of animal like protists? | They are called protozoans, they are heterotrophs, and are mostly motile |
| What phylum do Rhizoids belong in? | Phylum Sarcodina |
| What is an example of Rhizoids with 4 qualities. | Some examples are Amoeba and foramins; they have pseudopodia (flase feet), some are chalk-like, some are glass-like |
| What phylum are Ciliates from? | Phylum Ciliophora |
| What is an example of Ciliates along with 3 qualities. | An example is a paramecium; they have cilia, macronucleus (metabolism), and a micronucleus (reproduction) |
| What phylum are Flagellates from? | Phylum Mastigophora |
| What is an example of Flagellates along with 3 qualities | An example is Trypanosoma (African sleeping Sickness); They are parasitic, have flagellates, yet act mutualistic when in a termite's digestive tract |
| What phylum are Sporozoans from? | Phylum Apicomplexa |
| What is an example of Sporozoans and 2 traits. | An example is Plasmodium; they are usually sessile and parasites |
| Qualities of fungus-like protists? | They are slime molds (heterotrophic decomposers) |
| Which fungus-like phylum has plasomodial slime molds? | Phylum Myxomycota |
| Which fungus-like phylum has watermolds and downy mildews? | Phylum Oomycota |
| Which fungus-like phylum has cellular slime molds? | Phylum Acrasiomycota |
| T or F Protists are the most diverse kingdom. | TRUE |
| Are fungi motile or sessile? | sessile |
| What is a fungi's cell wall made up of? | chitin |
| What are thin filaments that make up a fungus? | nypha |
| What is a mass of tangled filaments which most of them are in soil or in the host's tissue? | mycelium |
| What is the reproductive structures of a fungus? | spores |
| How are fungi classified? | By the way they reproduce |
| What are two ways fungi produce asexually? | budding and fragmentation |
| What are two ways fungi produce sexually? | spores (though some are asexual) |
| What phylum are Zygote fungi from? | Phylum Zygomycota |
| What's an example of a Zygote fungi? | bread molds |
| What's a saprobe? | they feed on dead tissue and organic matter |
| What phylum are Club Fungi from? | Phylum Basidiomycota |
| Examples of Club Fungi? | Mushrooms and puffballs |
| What make the spores in club fungi? | basidia |
| Can club fungi be eaten? | Only some |
| What phylum is Sac Fungi from? | Phylum Ascomycota |
| Examples of Sac Fungi? | Yeast, mildews, molds |
| What sac-like structure helps Sac fungi produce spores? | ascus |
| What's a bad quality of sac fungi? | they are heterotrophic parasites |
| What phylum are imperfect fungi from? | Phylum Deuteromycota |
| Examples of imperfect fungi? | penecillum |
| Whee are lichens found? | On tree trucks or rocks |
| Uses of lichen? | Food for animals and creates soil since the acid in the lichen breaks down the rocks |
| GOOD LUCK! | GOOD LUCK! |
Created by:
sahil
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