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AHExam2
Cardio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two shockable rhythms? | Vtach (no pulse), Vfib |
| What does no p waves means? | Atrial fibrillation |
| What does a P wave represent | Atrial Depolization, |
| What part of the sinus rhythm represents a ventricular depolarization | (QRS) |
| Which rhythms do you defibrillate? | Vtach (no pulse), Vfib |
| What medication would patient be on if they have STEMI | Heparin |
| Major complication of a fib | Stroke |
| A blood thinner. Given IV if pt’s waiting for Cardiac Cath. | Heparin |
| Medication used when person has chest pain | Nitro -- MONA |
| What category of drug is ASA? | Anti-platelet |
| For diabetics (protection) and renal failure. Side effect is Cough. Push over 2 mins. | Ace inhbitors – (prils) |
| lowers HR, NO for asthmatics and bradycardics | Beta-Blockers – (olol) |
| bella donna, beautiful women. Increases HR. (T for Tachy) | Atropine |
| Stops the heart (d for die) | Adenosine |
| How do you treat pernicious anemia? | – B12 (nasal, subq, or IV) |
| What type of anemia requires iron supplements, causes constipation (stool softeners, and stools will be blk) | Iron deficiency anemia- |
| Precaution for neutropenic (leukemia) – | check temp Q4hrs, high white blood cell count, functionally neutropenia,leukopenia, |
| What should be done if Neutropenic (leukemia)patient spikes a fever? | Antibiotics need to be given w/in 1 hour. |
| Who gets Neutropenic (leukemia)? | Cancer pts, can’t fight infection, immunocompromised |
| If you see a HIT patient with platelets dropping what would you do? | Stop heparin, look at #3 on EXAM SHEET |
| Hemophilia (teaching) lack factors and correcting factor loss by | giving factors Von Willenbrands = Factor 10 |
| When do we give platelets? | Below 10 |
| Hemoglobin (Blood) | below 7. |
| Mylodyplasia and multipl myloma (hypercalcimia) should avoid | contact sports |
| How long should you monitor a transfusion and if a patient gets a fever during the transfusion what should be done | 15mins, stop if fever |
| Pacing (pacer pads) is for | bradycardia or 3rd degree block |
| Defibrillation is done on | Vtach or Vfib(worst). |
| Vtach you | Cardiovert(Cardiac Trump) to RESET. |
| PR interval are ( shortened or lengthened)in 1st degree block, block from SA node to AV node? | lengthened, asymptomatic (not emergent) |
| 2nd (mobits 2) and 3rd degree block require a | Pacemaker |
| Pt w/ block should be | hooked up to monitor with pacer pads. |
| Used to be the big mortality risk w/rheumatic fever. S/S – low grade fever, weakness, malaise, fatigue, myalgia, splinter hemorrhages, janeway’s lesions, roth’s spots, MURMUR | Endocarditis (Inflammatory disorder) – #13, 41, 45 on EXAM SHEET |
| Rt sided HF S/S | JDV, peripheral edema, weight gain, ascites, Enlarged Liver & Spleen |
| Lt sided HF S/S | Pulmonary (crackles, pink frothy sputum), Tachypnea/cardiac, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dypnea |
| Teaching w/ HF | Cold-Wet person is the worst (AMS, decreased O2, shock)5lbs in a week or 2lbs in a day. DAILY WEIGHT, DASH DIET, DON’T GIVE BETA-BLOCKERS!Compliance w/meds, esp Lasix, which can cause hypokalemia; take at night. Maintain skin integrity |
| CAD is caused by: | atherosclerosis (hardened arteries) |
| Angina Risks: | a. Chronic Stable – Ie: mowing the lawn. b. Acute Coronary Syndrome –i. Unstable Angina - Worst, because it’s sudden. ii. Acute MI (STEMI and NSTEMI) iii. Women and Diabetics don't get chest pain. Usually get n/v, or upset stomach |
| MI Diagnose: Acute Failure: General Failure: | Acute Failure: Troponin/CK General Failure: Troponin/BNP |
| Major Comp of MI: | Stroke, dysrhythmias, heart failure, shock |
| Inhibits ADH (prevents holding fluids; elevated indicates a probable or very probable diagnosis of heart failure. Also Inhibits ADH (prevents holding fluids) | BUN |
| Lets you see electrical impulses of the heart | EKG |
| for heart failure, because mechanical function of the heart. | ECHO |
| Untreated HTN crisis major complication | STROKE |
| Untreated HTN crisis Risk Factors: | smoking, age, family hx, sugar/weight, lipids |
| Untreated HTN crisis Dx: | 3 separate readings |
| Untreated HTN crisis Tx: | O2, cardiac monitor, 15min reassessment, sit them, assess BP q2mins |
| Untreated HTN crisis teaching: | lifestyle modification |
| Who gets mitral valve problems, endocarditis? (how? and Teaching? | Ppl with rheumatic fever; strep throught, PNC cure |
| Arterial Problem S/S | – no oxygen, blue, no hair growth, no pooling, shiny, thin skin, infectious dry ulcers |
| Venous Problem S/S | blood can’t return to the heart, blood pools, gets oxygen, pink or red, swollen, not shiny, not infectious wet ulcers, elevate and compress. |
| PAD is at high risk for | infectious ulcer. |
| DVT Risks: | Virchow’s Triad (Stasis of blood flow, Endothelial Injury, Hypercoagulability) |
| DVT Prevention: | TED/SCD, Drug prophylaxis, heparin, Coumadin, LMWH, Clot buster, IVC filter. |
| DVT Major comp: | PE (Pulmonary Embolism) |
| Hogkins’s – | Reed-Sternberg’s Cells |
| Aortic Aneurysm causes | no blood flow to the legs: cool, pallor |
| DIC – Disseminate, Intravascular, Coagulation Risk Factors: | After surgery, vaginal birth, cancer, sepsis. |
| No pulse= | CPR Start CPR while waiting to shock them |
| Ranges: Hemoglobin for Females: Males Hematocrit for Female: Males WBC = Platelets = | Ranges: Hemoglobin for Females: 11.7 – 16 Males 13.2 -17.3 Hematocrit for Female: 35%-47% Males 39%-50% WBC = 4000 – 11,000 Platelets = 150,000 – 400,000 |
| a. Prevent development of Heart Failure in pts w/MI. b. First line of immunity for chronic heart failure. c. Can cause hypotension after the initial dose | Ace inhibitors (prils) |
Created by:
lalad13
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