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Nset Science test 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ecology | study of living organisms in their environment |
| ecosystems | consist of all living things that exist in a given area, together with their physical surroundings. Also includes energy transformations. |
| abiotic | non-living factors. Sunlight, temperature, precipitation |
| biotic | Primary producers, herbivores, carnivores, |
| biome | ecosystems; Tundra, Taiga (largest), grasslands, deciduous forest, chaparral, rainforest (most oxygen, alpine |
| Zones of a lake: | littoral: Shoreline Profundal: deeper center buntic: bottom Limnetic, top of lake center |
| Watershed | All precip that falls in an area will make it to a specific place, river lake, etc. |
| Energy transformation | Abiotic/chem->producers-> consumers or decomposers-> back to beginning. All need heat. |
| Keystone species | Species that have a disproportionate effect on environment relative to their abundance. Ex salmon, cali mussels are eaten by keystone species ochre sea stars |
| Shared characteristics of ecosystems | 1) has living/nonliving components 2) energy flows 3)matter is recycled 4)every organism has a niche 5)stable ecosystems achieve a balance 6) they change over times. |
| Bio-accumulations | build up of fat-soluble substances in tissues, such as pesticides, mercury |
| Bio-magnification | fat soluble substance will magnify in concentration higher up the food web |
| niche | total resources that an organism requires for survival |
| invasive species | species that are not native to an ecosystem and disrupt the balance, purple loosestrife, zebra mussels |
| law of unintended consequences | virtually impossible to change one aspect of a complex system without affecting other parts of the system, ex rabbits in australia |
| environmental awareness in 60-70s | sympathetic presidents (Nixon,ford,carter) scenic Hudson act Vietnam war protesters, Rachel Carsons Silent Spring |
| Cuyahoga river in the 60s-70s | So polluted it caught on fire |
| Donora, PA | Temperature inversion (cool air over warm air) trapped all the pollutants causing 50% of population to becomes sick |
| Cafe standards | average fuel economy of a car. (1985 - 27.5 for passengar cars. Obama wants 35.5 by 2016, 30 for trucks and suvs) |
| Air pollutants | carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide |
| Cap & trade program | to prevent acid rain. Sets a limit on the amount of a pollutant allowed to be released, can trade/sell their permits |
| biological evolution | genetic changes which occur in groups of organisms over the course of generations that transcend the lifetime of a single individual |
| adaptationism | panglossian theory - everything is all for the best of all possible worlds. MYTH. Panda bears have shorter thumbs for peeling bamboo, yet they are nutritionally deficient |
| progressivism | Evolutionary myth - organisms evolve to become more complex and perfect |
| determinism | higher power. IQ is same when we are born, cant learn. MYTH. Lactose development - humans could not always drink milk. |
| gradualism | evolutionary change is slow & gradual -MYTH. Bacteria ear infections : 90% had resistence in 15 years. |
| Darwins 2 theories | Descent with modification, natural selection |
| Natural selection | variation in traits, differential reproduction, heredity. Ex anoles in bahamas, moth color in england, smaller fish. |
| genetic drift | random changes not affected by environment. |
| climate | Sum of all statistical weather information that describes a region |
| Milankovich Cycles | Wobble: affects winter vs summer, 23,000 yrs Tilt: 21.5-24.5 degrees off axis - 41000 years, causes less difference in summer vs winter - most likely for ice age. Eccentricity - Circle/elliptical - 100,000 years - circ = mild. |
| coriolis effect | winds curved due to earths rotation |
| Weather factors | Temperature, pressure,H/L pressure zones, winds, clouds, humidity (rel/abs) |
| How a hurricane forms | 1) low pressure 2) warm 3) moisture (ocean) 4) coriolis effect |
| El nino | Every 4-7 years, changes in trafe winds - usually blow E to W -During el nino, winds flip. |
| Tornado formation | Low pressure zone, cyclonic flow, pressure difference in atmosphere, coriolis effect, jetstream |
| glaciers | Large bodies of ice that flow down a slop or valley - result in fingerlakes, carved land, stone deposits |
| ground water | any water trapped under earts surface |
| aquifer | a region beneath earths surface where groundwater is stored |
| EPA Clean water Act | 1972 reducing point source (pipe) and non point source (farming) pollutuon |
| Waste water treatment | Must got through at least 2 stages. Primary filters out solids, secondary removal of organics and bacteria, optional third removal of nitrogen/phosphorus |
| Igneous rock | Formed by volcanic activity - 95% of crust, obsidian, basalt, mica, quartz |
| Sedementary | small particles together - sandstone, shale, limestone |
| Metamorphic rock | other 2, changed by heat/stress - Granite/marble shale/slate |
Created by:
hspirik
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