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Ch.09 Climate

Focus on California Earth Science 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall

QuestionAnswer
What four main factors influence temperature? Latitude, altitude, distance from large bodies of water, and ocean currents are the main factors affecting ______________.
Name the different world temperature zones. Northern Polar Zone, Northern Temperate Zone, Tropical Zone, Southern Temperate Zone, and Southern Polar Zone are called __________________.
Name two countries that lie partially in the Northern Polar Zone. Russia and Canada are two countries that lie partially in this world temperature zone.
Name three countries in the Northern Temperate Zone. The U.S., Japan, Spain, etc., are countries in this world temperature zone.
Name three countries in the Tropical Zone. India, Brazil, Kenya, etc., are countries in this world temperature zone.
Name three countries in the Southern Temperate Zone. South Africa, Chile, New Zealand, etc., are countries in this world temperature zone.
What is the continent in the Southern Polar Zone? Antarctica is in this world temperature zone.
What factor is responsible for the difference between the climate at the mountaintop and the climate at the base of Mount Kilimanjaro? Altitude is the factor responsible for the difference in climate between these two locations.
What effect do oceans have on the temperatures of nearby land areas? This geographic feature moderate the temperatures of nearby land.
Where does the Gulf Stream flow, and what does it become? This warm ocean current flows from the Gulf of Mexico northward along the east coast of the U.S., and crosses the North Atlantic to become the North Atlantic Drift.
What is the North Atlantic Drift, and how does it affect the climate of adjacent areas? This warm ocean current brings mild, humid air to Iceland, Ireland, and southern England, causing these areas to have a mild, wet climate.
What three main factors affect precipitation? Prevailing winds, the presence of mountains, and seasonal winds are the main factors affecting ____________.
What characteristic of moving air masses (wind) affect precipitation, and what determines that characteristic? The amount of water vapor in an air mass depends on the origin of the wind (over land or over water), and affects this aspect of climate.
Does rain fall more heavily on the windward or leeward side of mountains, and why? Warm, moist air cools and condenses as it is pushed up the windward side of a mountain, causing this effect.
In what direction do monsoons blow in the summer, and what is their effect? In the summer, these seasonal winds blow warm, humid air inland from the ocean, causing heavy rain.
When and in what direction do the Santa Ana winds blow, and what is their effect? In the fall and early winter, these seasonal winds blow cool air from the desert toward the Southern California coast. As the air flows down the mountains it is compressed and warms up, dropping the humidity level and creating a potential fire hazard.
What causes the Earth's seasons and why? The tilt of Earth's axis as it travels around the sun causes ___________, because of changes in the amount of energy each hemisphere receives from the sun.
What is a solstice and when do they occur? The date on which a hemisphere is closest to the sun is in the summer; the date on which a hemisphere is farthest from the sun is in the winter. They are both called ________________.
When is the United States closest to the sun? On the June solstice, this country experiences summer, while it is closest to the sun.
When is Australia's winter solstice? Australia experiences this season on the June solstice.
What is an equinox and when do they occur? The dates on which both hemispheres are equidistant from the sun, and receive equal amounts of solar energy and daylight hours, are in March and September.
Created by: mushijima
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