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Chapter 12

Biology vocab

TermDefinition
gene expression use of information in DNA to direct the production of particular proteins
transcription creates "blueprint" copies of particular genes that are sent out into the cell to direct the assembly of proteins
messenger RNA (mRNA) the RNA copy of a gene used in the cell to produce a polypeptide
RNA polymerase -the transcriber -a large and very sophisticated protein
genes information is written within the chromosomes in blocks
translation convert the order of the gene's nucleotides into the order of amino acids in a polypeptide
genetic code rules that govern the translation
codon -each three-nucleotide sequence of the mRNA -codes for a particular amino acid
transfer RNA (tRNA) bring amino acids to the ribosome used in making proteins
anticodon -three-nucleotide sequence -the complementary sequence to 1 of the 64 codons of the genetic code
primary RNA transcript produced when a eukaryotic cell transcribes a gene
alternative splicing employing the sam exons in different combinations and orders
promoter a specific sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that signals the beginning of a gene
repressor -genes can be turned off -a protein that binds to the DNA blocking the promoter
activator -genes can be turned on -a protein that makes the promoter more accessible to the RNA polymerase
operon a segment of DNA containing a cluster of genes that are transcribed as a unit
basal transcription factors necessary for the assembly of a transcription apparatus and recruitment of RNA polymerase to a promoter
enhancers far away sites that have a major impact on the rate of transcription
gene silencing/RNA interference the silencing of a gene whose sequence was complementary to the double-stranded RNA, and of no other gene
Created by: ahasenmu
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