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Chapter 11

Biology vocab

TermDefinition
proteins long chains of amino acid subunits linked together in a string
DNA -deoxyribonucleic acid -long chains of nucelotide subunits linked together in a string
purines -large bases -A (adenine) -G (guanine)
pyrimidines -small bases -C (cytosine) -T (thymine)
Chargraff's rule A=T, G=C -suggests that DNA had a regular structure
helix shape of a coiled spring or a corkscrew
double helix winding staircase of two strands whose bases face one another
complementarity makes it possible for the DNA molecule to copy itself during cell division in a very direct manner
DNA replication copying of DNA before cell division
DNA repair proofread the strands of each daughter cell against one another for accuracy and correct any mistakes
mutation a change in the content of the genetic message
recombination a change in the position of a portion of the genetic message
point mutations if alterations involve only one or few base pairs in the coding sequence
frame-shift mutation if an insertion or deletion throws the reading of the gene message out of register
mutagens radiation or chemicals
transposition individual genes move from one place in the genome to another
chromosomal rearrangements large segments of chromosomes in eukaryotes may change their relative locations or undergo duplication
Created by: ahasenmu
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