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med immunology 15
Hypersensitivity Type 2 & 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Type II hypersensitivity results when cells are __________ by an __________. | destroyed, immune response |
| Type II hypersensitivity results when cells are destroyed by the combined activities of _______ and _______. | complement and antibodies |
| Type II hypersensitivity is a component of many ________ diseases. | autoimmune |
| Type II hypersensitivity is also called ___________ hypersensitivity. | cytotoxic |
| As an example of type II hypersensitivity, it occurs when __________ are destructed after incompatible transfusion. | blood cells |
| As an example of type II hypersensitivity, it occurs when fetal red blood cells are destructed in __________ disease of the newborn, which is called ______. | hemolytic, HDN |
| ________________ are the surface molecules of red blood cells. | blood group antigens |
| The ABO blood group consists of ___ antigens designated __ antigen and __ antigen. | two, A, B |
| If a person's red blood cells have A antigen, what blood type is it? | A |
| If a person's red blood cells have both A and B andtigen, what kind of antibodies are present? | none |
| If a person's red blood cells have neither A nor B antigen, what kind of antibodies are present? | both anti-A and anti-B |
| which blood type is universal recipient? | AB |
| which blood type is universal donor? | O |
| Why blood type AB is universal recipient? | because it has both A antigen and B antigen therefore it does not have any antibodies. Any blood type cannot be rejected in type AB blood. |
| What type of antibody is responsible for AB antigens? | IgM |
| If patient had mismatched blood transfusion, his preexisting antibodies immediately destruct donated blood cells by ___________ of ____ antibody-bound cells by macrophages and neutrophils, or___________ by complement system. | phagocytosis, IgM, hemolysis |
| In mismatched blood transfusion happens, agglutination of IgM activate __________ and also it can result in _________, ______, or ________. | complement system, kidney damage, blood clotting, stress on the liver |
| What type of hypersensitivity happens when mismatched blood transfusion is done? | Type II hypersensitivity |
| Rh system is based on __________ which transports ____ and ______ across the cytoplasmic membrane | Rh antigen, anions, glucose |
| If pregnant mother is Rh- and the baby is Rh+, what risk is considered? | hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| Which antibody is responsible for Rh antigens? | IgG |
| When pregnant mother is Rh-, and the baby is Rh+ at her first pregnancy, ___________ of baby enter mother's circulation and mother makes ________, which are ________ and can cross the placenta causing HDN for subsequent pregnancy. | Rh antigens, anti-Rh antibodies, IgG |
| Anti-Rh serum, RhoGum, is administered to Rh- pregnant women to destroy any ___________ that may have entered mother's blood. | fetal red blood cells |
| The system of RhoGum to protect Rh- pregnant women from causing HDN is preventing ________________. | her body making anti-Rh antibody to kill fetus's RBSs |
| Some drug can form _______ and attached to larger molecules such as blood cells making them immunologic. | haptens |
| When haptens attached to platelets, what disorder will occur? | immune thrombocytopenic purpura |
| When haptens attached to WBCs, what disorder will occur? | agranulocytosis |
| When haptens attached to RBCs, what disorder will occur? | Hemolytic anemia |
| What is thrombocytopenic purpura? | platelets are destroyed and it leads to purple hemorrhage under the skin |
| What is agranulocytosis? | destruction of leukocytes |
| What is hemolytic anemia? | destruction of RBCs. |
| When drug acts as haptens and make attached molecule immunogenic, what kind of hyper sensitivity occurs? | Type II hypersensitivity |
| What kind of hypersensitivity occurs when antigen-antibody complexes are formed and cause systemic or localized immune reactions? | Type III hypersensitivity |
| antigen-antibody complexes are also called _________. | immune complexes |
| List two systemic diseases present type III hypersensitivity. | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Rhematoid arthritis |
| List tow localized diseases present type III hypersensitivity. | hypersensitivity pneumonitis, glomerulonephritis |
| Which disease? Individuals become sensitized when antigens are inhaled deep into the lungs, stimulating the production of antibodies. Subsequent inhalation of the same antigen stimulates the formation of immune complexed that reactivate complement. | hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
| which disease? immune complexes circulating in the blood stream are deposited on the walls of glomerular, damage to the glomerular cells impedes blood filtration, result is kidney failure and death. | glomerulonephritis |
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hiroko lucky2
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