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Phlebotomy 115
Phlebotomy 115 wk 8 ch 13 & 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| marijuana | most commonly used illicit drug |
| illicit drugs | over 500,000 to 700, 000 newborns are exposed to these annually |
| illicit drugs | marijuana, cocaine, heroin |
| illicit drugs | hallucinogens, inhalants |
| illicit drugs | abuse of prescription drugs |
| gateway drugs | alcohol & tobacco |
| forensic specimens | anorectal or vaginal swabs |
| forensic specimens | blood & bones |
| forensic specimens | hair & clothing |
| forensic specimens | nails & nail scrapings or clippings |
| forensic specimens | saliva & teeth |
| forensic specimens | skin & sweat |
| forensic specimens | semen & urine |
| forensic specimens | DNA |
| DNA | present in all cells (except mature RBC-no nucleus) & stays the same throughout life |
| DNA | differs from person to person except identical twins |
| Chain of Custody | the process for maintaining control & accountability of each specimen from the time it is collected to the time of disposal |
| Chain of Custody | the process documents the identity of each individual that handles the specimen & each time a specimen "changes hands" |
| CCF | custody control form |
| CCF | indicates the specific identification of the subjet, the individual that obtained the specimen, date, time, & location of specimen collection |
| CCf | also contains the signature of the person documenting that what is in the container was obtained from the person identified on the specimen container |
| toxicology screening | urine specimens temperatures must be read w/in 4 minutes |
| toxicology screening | urine specimens must be w/in 90-100 degrees F |
| toxicology screening | specimen collection containers must be sealed & in tact prior to collection |
| toxicology screening | collection containers must remain w/in visual field of both collector & donor @ all times except while donor is donating (not always the case) |
| collection restroom | must have limited water supply |
| urine specimen | must be collected w/in 4 minutes |
| urine specimen | must be at least 45 mls |
| requisition | filled out w/ the donor present |
| requisition | 5 part |
| Workplace drug testing | done for federal requirements |
| Workplace drug testing | may be used to screen out employees w/ abuse problems |
| Workplace drug testing | pre-employment |
| Workplace drug testing | pre-promotion |
| Workplace drug testing | annual physicals |
| Workplace drug testing | reasonable suspicion |
| Workplace drug testing | random testing for security sensitive jobs |
| Workplace drug testing | post accident reporting |
| Workplace drug testing | treatment follow-up |
| Workplace drug testing | in the private sector employers may test without prior notice |
| Workplace drug testing | the private sector may use different testing levels for initial of confirmatory tests |
| Erythropoietin | used by athletes to increase the body’s production of RBC |
| Erythropoietin | increases O2 levels |
| Blood | specimen of choice for testing for alcohol & EPO |
| Drug testing | hair can be used to for analysis but will not detect infrequent abuse |
| Breath testing for Alcohol | procedure doesn’t require trained laboratory staff |
| Breath testing for Alcohol | can be done in the field |
| Breath testing for Alcohol | specimen collection is noninvasive |
| Breath testing for Alcohol | analysis is fast |
| Alcohol intoxication | defined by the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) |
| BAC | is expressed in grams/deciliter |
| BAC | no alcohol can be used when collecting blood to cleanse area prior to venipuncture |
| BAC | tube to draw is gray |
| Neonatal drug testing | cocaine is the most commonly identified drug |
| Neonatal drug testing | urine is the specimen of choice |
| Neonatal drug testing | meconium may also be used |
| ABGs | Arterial blood gases |
| ABGs | used to test respiratory status & blood pH in patients w/ pulmonary disease or disorders |
| ABGs | also measure electrolyte & acid-base balance of diabetics |
| ABGs | arterial blood is used instead of venous because it is the same throughout the body tissues |
| Radial artery | located on the thumb side of the wrist |
| Radial artery | the artery of choice for ABG analysis |
| Radial artery | should be palpated 1” above the wrist |
| Arterial blood | flows into the hand through the radial and ulnar arteries |
| Radial artery | drawback is it’s small size |
| Brachial artery | alternate site for collection |
| Brachial artery | located in the cubital fossa of the arm |
| Femoral artery | largest artery & is located lateral to the femur bone |
| Femoral artery | potential for releasing plaque from the wall of the artery in geriatric patients makes this the last choice for venipuncture |
| Hyperventilation | can create false ABG levels |
| Arterial blood | blood of choice for testing pH, O2, & CO2 levels |
| Bleeding time test | useful for testing platelet plug formation in the capillaries |
| Bleeding time test | most frequently used for preoperative screening test |
| Surgicutt | an automated incision-making instrument for bleeding-time tests |
| Interfering factors | aspirin, coagulants, & certain other medications can impact bleeding time |
| Blood cultures | often collected from patients who have fevers of unknown origin (FUO) |
| Septicemia | presence of bacteria or toxins in the blood |
| Septicemia | major cause of death in the US |
| Blood cultures | aid in identifying the specific bacterial organism causing the infections (septicemia) |
| Blood cultures | draw aerobic (green) first |
| Blood cultures | draw anaerobic (fuchsia) second |
| Blood cultures | collect 10 cc of blood per bottle |
| Blood cultures | used when temperature is _>101F |
| Blood cultures | only aerobic is drawn on a infant |
| Blood culture | positive is known as “septic” |
| Site preparation | use “Chloro-prep” (chlorohexidine) to disinfect puncture site |
| Site preparation | scrub the site well for at least 30 seconds |
| Site preparation | allow to dry for 1 minute |
| GTT | venous blood is the preferred specimen for glucose tolerance test |
| GTT | if serum samples are collected, use serum separator tubes |
| GTT | a gray topped tube may be used as well |
| Genetic molecular test | collection should be in the yellow (acid-citrate dextrose) tube or the lavender (EDTA) tube depending on the particular lab’s protocol |
| Genetic material | (e.g. RNA) is only viable for approximately 6 to 24 hours |
| Genetic material | send to lab immediately |
| CVC | central venous catheter or a central intravenous catheter |
| CVC | one of numerous vascular access devices (VADs) |
| CVC | inserted either into the subclavian vein (chest area above the clavicle), jugular vein, or the superior vena cava |
| VAD | another one is a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) |
| Anaerobic | lacking O2 |
| Aerobic | O2 is present |
| PICC | usually only used for blood collection when it is first inserted |
| PICC | can become infected around the area |
| Cannula | a tubular instrument used in patients w/ kidney disease to gain access to venous blood for dialysis or blood collection |
| Fistula | an artificial shunt in which the vein & artery have been fused through surgery |
| Fistula | a permanent connection tube located in the arm of the patients undergoing kidney dialysis |
| Fistula | can be used to draw blood if no other location can be found |
| Fistula | if this area becomes infected, the inflammation in the blood vessels of the arm may shut down all the veins, requiring surgery to place a new shunt |
| Autologous transfusion | the patient donates his or her own blood before anticipated surgery |
Created by:
smkit03
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