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DNA vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acids;the nucleicions acid that carries instructions for making proteins |
| double helix | a twisted ladder; describes the structure of DNA |
| nucleotide | the building blocks of DNA and RNA: composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base |
| genetic code | information carried from generation to generation by DNA |
| RNA | the nucleic acid responsible for building proeteins |
| mRNA | messenger RNA: carries information from DNA into the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
| tRNA | transfer RNA: carries the amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes |
| adenine | a nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; abbreviated A |
| thymine | a nitrogen base found in only DNA; abbreviated T |
| guanine | a nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; abbreviated B |
| cytosine | a nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA: abbreviated C |
| uracil | a nitrogen base found in only RNA: abbreviated U |
| deoxyribose | the sugar that helps to makeup the nucleotides of DNA |
| ribose | the sugar that helps to make up the nucleotides of RNA |
| codon | found on mRNA; a 3 letter code that determines the amino acids that will make up a protein |
| anticodon | found in tRNA; a 3 letter word that complement to the codon that allows the amino acids to bond in the correct sequence |
| mutation | a mistake or change in RNA sequence; can be harmful or beneficial |
| recombintion | the process by which genetic material is broken an d joined to other genetic material |
| insertion | a type of mutation in which a base is added to a DNA sequence |
| deletion | the sugar that helps to make up the nucleotides of RNA |
| chromosomal mutations | a type of mutation that involves all or part of a chromosome being changed |
| replication | the process of creating an exact copy of DNA |
| transcription | occurs in the nucleus;the process of creating mRNA from DNA |
| translation | occurs in the cytoplasm; he process creating a protein form mRNA |
| complementary strand of DNA | the strand of DNA that "matches" the original strand of DNA during replication |
| cloning | the process of producing population s of genetically identical individuals |
| human genome project | scientific research projects whose goal is to determine the exact sequence of base pairs |
| genetic engineering | manipulation of genes to achieve desired traits in individuals |
| forensic identification | use of DNA to identity specific objects |
| Watson and Crick | pair of scientist who determined the 3-D structure of DNA |
| Franklin | scientist who use x-rays to determine that DNA was a helix |
| chargoff | scientist who determine the rules for the pairing of bases in DNA |
Created by:
2015emmanuela
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