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Cell Biology Exam 2
Chapter 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| How do all compounds get in or out of cells? | Channel protein and transporter |
| Transporter: | undergoes a series of conformational changes to transfer small water-soluble molecules across the lipid bilayer |
| Channel Protein: | form a hydrophilic pore across the bilayer through which specific inorganic ions or in some cases other small molecules can diffuse |
| Passive Transport: | Can be carried out by both transporters and channels. The movement of molecules in the same direction as their concentration gradient. Occurs spontaneously. Does not require energy. (Kinetic Energy) |
| Active Transport | Molecules move against its concentration gradient requiring an input of energy. Active transport can only be carried out by transporters |
| Uniports: | When some transporters carry a single solute across the membrane |
| Examples of Passive Transport | Osmosis and Dialysis, which use concentration gradient from Hi -> Low; Facilitated diffusion, conc. gradient of Hi -> Low using carrier protein |
| Examples of Active Transport | Low -> Hi concentration, using carrier proteins and ATP (energy) |
| What two parts does electrochemical gradient consist of? | Electrical potential and a difference in the chemical concentration across a membrane |
| What is the transporter that uses energy of ATP hydrolysis good for? | It is good for moving big ions against their concentration gradient such as the Sodium potassium pump. (This transporter is most commonly found in animal cells.) |
| Cycles of Na⁺ K⁺ pump | 1)Na Binds to pump 2)Pump phosphorylates itself (with ATP ->ADP 3)Phosphorylation triggers form change, Na⁺ ejected 4)K⁺ Binds into conformation changed cytosol 5)Pump dephosphorylated 6)Pump returns to original form, K⁺ ejected |
| How is it possible for a certain channel to be selected? | It depends on the ions charge and size. For example, both potassium and sodium have the same charge, but are different sizes. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water across semipermeable membrane from area of high water concentration to area of low water concentration |
| Hypertonic | Concentration of solute is higher than inside the cell (cell shrinks). |
| Hypotonic | Concentration of solute is lower than inside the cell (cell swells). |
| Isotonic | Solute concentration is the same outside of and inside the cell. |
| Symport | Coupled transporter that moves both solutes in the same direction across the membrane |
| Antiport | Coupled transporter that moves the two solutes in opposite directions across the membrane |
| Apical membrane | Area of the cell membrane that selectively absorbs materials. Contains specific transport proteins |
Created by:
GP1993
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