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med immunology 11
Cytokines
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are cytokines? | They are soluble regulatory proteins |
| When cytokines are released from certain body cells, they act as __________ _________. | intercellular signals |
| Cytokines in the immune system signal for and between different _______. | leukocytes (WBCs) |
| The network of signals between cells in the immune system is called the ___________. | Cytokine network |
| One of the important cytokine's properties is ________ , that is, one cytokine can have many effects on the immune system. | pleiotropy |
| One of the important cytokine's properties is ________________, that is, a certain effect can be caused by more than one different cytokine. | redundancy of function |
| One of the important cytokine's properties is _________, that is, they can work for each other. | synergy |
| One of the important cytokine's properties is _________, that is they can work against each other. | antagonism |
| Cytokines are ______ lived. | short |
| If cytokines signal to same cell which they are present, what is that signaling called? | autocrine signaling |
| If cytokines signal to adjacent cell of they are present, what is that signaling called? | paracrine signaling |
| If cytokines signal systematically via bloodstream, what is that signaling called? | endocrine signaling |
| List 5 functions of Cytokines. | Regulate immune responses, Facilitate 2nd line of defense, Activate inflammatory response, Affect leukocyte movement, Stimulate hematopoiesis |
| Which cytokines signal among leukocyte? | Interleukins (IL) |
| Which cytokines are antiviral proteins that may act as cytokines? | Interferons (INFs) |
| Which cytokines are proteins that stimulate stem cells to divide, maintaining a adequate supply of leukocytes? | Growth factors |
| Which cytokines are secreted by macrophages and T cells to kill tumor cells and regulate immune responses and inflammation? | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) |
| Which cytokines signal leukocytes to go to a site of inflammation or infection by diapedesis, and stimulate other leukocytes? | Chemokines/chemotactic factors |
| The crawling movement of WBC from the inside of blood vessel to the outside under the inluence of Chemotactic factors is called ________. | diapedesis |
| Chemical mediators that influence the crawling movement of WBC from the inside of blood vessel to the outside are ____________ factors and they also cause _________. | chemotactic factors, vasodilation |
| What kind of chemical mediators are these: histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins? | vasodilating chemicals |
| What kind of chemical mediators are these: Fibrin, collagen, mast cell chemotactic factors, bacterial peptides? | chemotactic factors |
| What kind of effects do these chemical mediators have: complement C5a and C3a, interferons, interleukins, leukotrienes, platelet secretions? | Vasodilating and chemotactic effects |
| Which cytokine is this: produced by monocytes and macrophages, promotes proliferation of helper T cells, acts on hypothalmus to cause fever? | Interlukin-1 (IL-1) |
| Which cytokine is this:secreted by helper T cells; constimulates the proliferation of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells, activates NK cells? | Interleukin-2 (IL-2) |
| Which cytokine is this: produced by activated helper T cells, costimulator for B cells, acuses plasma cells to secrete IgE antibodies, promotes growth of T cells? | Interleukin-4 (IL-4) |
| Which cytokine is this:produced by certain activated CD4 T cells and activated mast cells, costimulator for B cells, causes plasma cells to secrete IgA antibodies? | Interleukin-5 (IL-5) |
| Which cytokine is this:produced mainly by macrophages, stimulates accmulation of neutrophils and macrophages at sites of inflammation and stimulates their killing of maicrobes, stimulates macrophages to produce IL-1? | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) |
| Which cytokine is this: induces synthesis of colony-stimulation factors by endothelial cells and fibroblasts, exerts an interferon-like protective effect against viruses, and functions as an endogenous pyrogen to induce fever | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) |
| Which cytokine is this:secreted by T cells and macrophages, has some positive effects but is thought to be important for turning off immune responses, inhibits proliferation of T cells and activation of macrophages | Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) |
| Which cytokine is this:secreted by helper and cytotoxic T cells and NK cells, strongly stimulates phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages, activates NK cells, enhances both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses? | Gamma-interferon (r-IFN) |
| Which cytokine is this: produced by virus-infected cells to inhibit viral replication in uninfected cells, produced by antigen-stimulated macrophages to stimulate T cell growth, activate NK cells, and suppress formation of some tumors. | Alpha-and beta-interferons (a-IFN and B-IFN) |
| Which cytokine is this:secreted by cytotoxic T cells, kills infected target cells by activating enzymes that cause fragmentation of DNA? | Lymphotoxin (LT) |
| Which cytokine is this:secreted by cytotoxic T cells and by NK cells, perforates cell membranes of infected target cells, which causes cytolysis? | Perforin |
| Which cytokine is this:produced by cytotoxic T cells, prevents macrophages from leaving site of infection? | macrophage migration inhibiting factor |
| Which cytokine is this:secreted by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells, cause infected target cells to undergo apoptosis? | Granzymes |
| Which cytokine is this:secreted by cytotoxic T cells, creates holes in microbial plasma membranes that kill the microbe? | Granulysin |
| Which cytokines cause fever? | Interleukin-1, Tumor necrosis factor |
| Which cytokine is called T cell growth factor? | Interleukin 2 |
| Which cytokine is called B cell stimulating factor? | Interleukin 4 |
Created by:
hiroko lucky2
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