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Med-Surg Chapter 51
Problems Related to Regulatory & Reproductive Mechanisms
| Structure | Function |
|---|---|
| testes | site for spermatogenesis |
| seminiferous tubules | form spermatozoa (immature sperrm) |
| interstitial cells of seminiferous tubules | produce testosterone |
| epididmis | transports sperm as they mature into the ductus deferens |
| ductus deferens | carries sperm over bladder where it joins the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct |
| ejaculatory duct | transport sperm down through the prostate to the urethra and then out the penis |
| seminal vesicles | fuses with ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct and enter the prostate where most of the fluid for ejaculation is made |
| Cowper's glands | secrete some fluid to help aid in transport of sperm during ejaculation |
| seminal vesicles, prostate glands, & Cowper's glands | create an alkaline, nutritious environment that promotes sperm motility and survival |
| male external genitalia | scrotum & penis |
| Corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum | erectile tissue around the shaft of the penis |
| What are the primary roles of the male reproductive system? | 1. production & transport of sperm 2. sperm deposit in female reproductive tract 3. secretion of hormones |
| Gonads | primary reproductive organs (male=sperm & female=ovaries) |
| What are the priamry roles of the female reproductive system? | 1. production of ova (eggs) 2. secretion of hormones 3. protection and facilitation of the development of the fetus in a pregnant female |
| ovaries | secrete estrogen & progesterone |
| follicle | contains immature oocyte which either mature and produce ovulation or are reabsorbed by the body |
| fallopian tubes | transports follicle and is site of fertilization (unity of sperm & ova) |
| fimbriae | fingerlike projections that massage ovaries and extract the mature ovum to uterus |
| uterus | muscular organ, site of zygote implantation |
| ectocervix | outer portion of cervix that protrudes into the vagina |
| endocervix | canal in the opening of the cervix |
| squamocolumnar junction | conatins optimal cells needed for accurate Papanicolaou (Pap) Test |
| Spinnbarkeit | "fertile mucus" facilitates the passage of sperm into the uterus |
| broad ligament | peritoneal covering of uterus which separates uterus from the bladder & rectum |
| adnexa | ovaries and tubes |
| cardinal ligaments | extend from the isthmus of the uterus to the pelvic wall (minimal support) |
| round ligaments | extends anteriorly to labia majora and provides some support but weakened during pregnancy |
| uterine sacral ligaments | pull uterus back and away from vaginal orifice and provice firmest support |
| vagina | secrete mucus to protect against vaginal infection and dilate & contract to accommodate passage of fetus, and allow penetration of penis during intercourse |
| pelvis | consists of: sacrum, coccyx and 2 pelvic bones |
| vulva | external genitalia of female reproductive system (consists of mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urethral meatus, ducts of Skene's glands, vaginal introitus (opening), and Bartholin's glands |
| mons pubis | fatty layer of pubic bone |
| labia majora | folds of adipose tissue that form outer borders of vulva (contain sweat glands & sebaceous glands) |
| labia minora | form borders of vaginal orifice and extend anteriorly to enclose clitoris |
| vestibule | boat-shapped fossa between the labia minora extending from the clitoris and anterior end to the vaginal opening at posterior end |
| perineum | area between the vagina & anus |
| vaginal introitus (opening) | surrounded by thin membranous tissue called hymen |
| posterior fourchette | tense band of mucous membrane connecting posterior ends of teh labia minora |
| clitoris | erectile tissue that becomes engorged during sexual excitation |
| Ducts of Skene's glands | help luricate the urinary meatus |
| Bartholin's glands | secrete thin mucoid material that contribute to lubrication during sex (palpable with infection such as STD) |
| breast | secondary sex characteristics that develop during puberty in response to estrogen & progesterone |
| Montgomery's tubercles | similar to sebaceous glands and assist in lubricating the nipple |
| Lactation | alveoli (acini) secrete milk, which flows through ductal system and transports to laciferous inuses |
| breast lymphatic network | drains into the axillary, infraclavicular and supraclavicular channels (axilla often responsible for the metastasis of malignant tumor from the breast to other parts) |
Created by:
LILES
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