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Enzymes in Action LC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are enzymes? | Proteins |
| What part of the enzyme joins onto the active site? | The Substrate |
| During a reaction, does the active site or substrate change and what does it form? | The substrate splits to form a product |
| What specific conditions do enzymes work at? | Temperature and PH |
| What happens when the enzyme denatures? | It changes because the bonds holding the enzyme together split |
| What is the best temperature and PH for enzymes working called? | Optimum temperature |
| What do biological washing powders have/do? | They have 'friendly' bacteria which 'eat' all the fat based stains in the wash |
| What's different about non-biological washing powder in comparision biological washing powder? | Non-biological cleans purely by chemical action like soap to clean your hands, whereas biological uses enzymes which 'eat' all the fat based stains |
| What does the enzyme glucose oxidase do? | It oxidises only glucose |
| Clinistix, a medical product contains glucose oxidase to yield what? | Gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide |
| What does peroxidase in a clinistix do? | It uses the hydrogenperoxide to oxidise a coloured dye to a dofferent colour, which reflects the degree of glusoce due to the degree of colour |
| What advantages of using immobilised enzymes are there? | They can be washed and reused, they don't contaminate the product, they are often more stable and less likely to be denatured and they are cheap and easy to make |
| Why do immobilised enzymes not need to be seperated? | They are usually attached to a silica gel or encapsulated within an alginate bead |
| What eznyme breaks down lactose in your stomach? | Lactase |
| What are people lacking lactase said to be? | Lactose Intolerant |
| How can Lactose free milk be produced? | By using an immobilised lactace anzyme and flowing it over the milk before packaging. |
| What does the enxume convert the lactose in the milk into? | Glucose and galactose |
| Name three enzymes in biological washing powder. | amylases, lipases and proteases |
| What do the enzymes amylases, lipases and proteases do in biological washing powders? | Amylases digest the carbohydrate starch, lipases digets fat and remove fatty stains, proteases digest protein and remove protein stains. |
| What enzyme is sucrose broken down with? | Sucrase |
| When sucrose is broken down by enzymes, why is it useful to the food industry? | The product is much sweeter |
| How are enzymes immobilised in gel beads? | By mixing the the enzyme with alginate and dropping the mixture into calcium chloride solution |
| How are foods sweetened using inveratse? | Invertase converts sucrose into glucose and fructose, these sugars are sweeter than the sucrose. Foods can therefore be sweetened without adding so much sugar. |
Created by:
copleston
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