Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Developmental
Lectures 12-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ancestral angiosperms | are believed to have formed a terminal flower directly from SAM |
| Modern angiosperm | variety of flowing patterns where axillary buds are inflorescent |
| Inflorescent meristem | shift from making leaves to making flowers - The change to making flowers probably arises from centroradiulus (cen) gene (in snapdragon). |
| CEN | prevents terminal flower formation, it suppresses floricaula (flo) |
| ______ stimulates CEN | FLO |
| Photoreceptors may be ____ which respond to red light whereas others are ____ which respond to blue light | Phytochromes;Cryptochromes |
| Short day plants | (long night) poinsettia's require 8 hours or less of light. |
| Long day plants | (short night) require 12 – 16 hours light. |
| If you expose just one leaf to a short day the plant thinks it has been in the dark and will flower. A short day plant subjected to a long day do not flower. If place in short day conditions get flowering. | . |
| If provide a short day plant with a long day exposure the plant does not flower. However, if you place a graft from a flowering plant it will flower. This indicates the signal is transmissible. | . |
| Floral Meristems in arabidopsis | – 3 genes responsible for the switch from Inflorescent to floral. These genes are leafy (lfy), apetala (ap1), and cauliflower (cal). |
| Ify | is homolog of flo (snapdragon). is a transcription factor and moves between cells in meristem before activating other flower genes. |
| ap1 and cal are closely related and redundant. Need double mutant to get resemblance to broccoli or cauliflower | . |
| A | required for sepals |
| A+B | required for petals |
| B+C | required for stamen |
| C | required for carpel |
| Class A Genes | Apetela 2 (AP2) |
| Class B Genes | Apetela 3 ( AP3) and Pistillata (PI) |
| Class C Genes | Agamous (AG) |
| Moss | gametophyte is the dominant generation |
| Angiosperm | sporophyte is the dominant generation |
| Moss, Ferns and angiosperm have sporophyte and gametophyte alternating generations. | . |
| ___ and ___ are two distinct alternating generations. | Sporophyte;Gametophyte |
| ___ forms root hairs, trichomes, and stomata | Epidermis |
| ___ ____ absorb water, allow bacteria to enter, grows in zone of differentiation from epidermal cells. | Root hairs |
| ___ ___ precusors form Trichoblasts (hair precursors) and are structurally different than atrichoblasts (non-hair epidermal cells). Cortical cells provide signal. | Hair cells -Hair cells are next to 2 cortical cells whereas non-hair cells are next to one. |
| Glabra 2 (gl2) mutant | all epidermal cells make root hairs. Normally atrichoblasts produce gl2 which produce atrichoblasts. |
| Trichomes | Hair on leaves & stems |
| ____ ____ produce trichomes on leaves which are small compared to normal and the plant has hairy roots. | gl2 mutants |
| Transparent testa glubra (ttg) mutant -> | no trichomes on leaves, lots of hair on roots. |
| ___ ___ occurs in both monocots and dicots, The stomata is an opening surrounded by photosynthetic guard cells. When the guard cells are actively photosynthesizing (daytime) the stomata is open. It is closed at night. | Stomata formation |
| Plant hormones | Abscisic acid, Auxin, Brassinosteroids, Cytokinins, Ethylene, and Giberillins |
| Abscisic Acid (ABA) | Stomata closure, maintenance of dormancy. Prevents germination. Soak seeds leach out ABA -> get germination. |
| Auxin | Apical dominance, cell elongation, phototropism, geotropism, fruit development. Xylem regeneration in wound healing, adventitous root formation. |
| Brassinosteroids | Cell elongation, cell division. Produces steroid reductase enzyme (in humans this enzyme would reduce testosterone). If mutated get short plant. If replace with wildtype or human gene get plan of normal height. If overexpress the gene get large plant. |
| Cytokinins | cell division yielding shoot formation in culture, delay of leaf senescence, release of apical buds |
| Ethylene (gas)– | Induced by auxin causes fruit ripening, root hair growth, abscission, senescence, |
| Gibberillins | cell elongation, floral induction, seed germination. |
| Class hormone includes ___(transport auxin to cells) and ___ (transport of auxin) | Aux I;ATPIN 1 |
| Inhibit ATPIN (or mutate) | auxin accumulate get more xylem |
| Auxin flows ___ stem to root. Also ___ root to stem. | down;up |
| ___ inhibits auxin explains why stem grows towards sun. | Sunlight |
| stimulate cell division. It is an antagonist to Auxin. Supershoot (SPS) makes excess cytokinin and the end result is a very bushy plant | Cytokinin |
| Cre1 | is a histidine kinase gene and probably cytokinin recepter. |
| Gibberillin | promotes tall and skinny growth. It was originally found in fungi infected rice. The rice grew tall and skinny. It was coined foolish seedling disease. |
| Mutants Gn1 mutants – No gibberillin – Short plant Gai mutants – insensitive to gibberillin – Short plant. Spindly – Acts like too much giberillin – Tall plant | . |
| Phytochromes | are a type of photorecepter. Allows plants to monitor light. Absorbs red and far red light. Daylight is enriched for red light. Bottom of lake enriched for red light. Moonlight enriched for far red light. Shade under tree enriched for far red light |
| ___ responsible for seed germination, greening, stem elongation and flowering. | Phytochromes |
| ___ ___ causes phytochromes to enter nucleus bind with a protein that binds DNA | Red light |
| ___ ___ causes phytochromes to leave nucleus | Far red |
| Sporophyte | makes spores |
| Zygote produces | seed |
| Carpel becomes | fruit |
| Stamen produce | pollen grains (microspores) |
| Pollen grain | Tube cell (n) Generative cell (n) located inside tube cell Lands on stigma of Pistil (may contain multiple carpals) |
| In angiosperms the gametophyte stage is limited to the | internal portion of flowers. |
| Ovules form from the | inner walls of carpel |
| Ovules house | the embryo sac |
| Integument becomes | seed coat |
| Micropyle opening in integument in which | pollen tube will grow. |
| Central cell should be | two nuclei one cell membrane/wall |
| Each ovule contains | 1. Stalk – Attachment 2. Nuclellus – nutritive tissue 3. Integaments – exclose the nuclellus |
| Dicots have | 2 cotyledons |
| Monocots | one cotyledon |
| The protoderm | is the epidermal layer of embryo. |
Created by:
AshCha
Popular Biology sets