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Helper-T Cell Notes
Helper T Cell Lecture Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The adaptive immune system is divided into what to parts? | humoral and cell mediated |
| What part of the humoral immune system carries an embedded protein that has a variable portion that specifies which pathogens it works against? | b-cells |
| Once activated, what does a b cell do? | makes memory b-cells and makes effector cells |
| What are produced by effector cells? | antibodies |
| Why might a person have a faster immune response the second time they are exposed to a pathogen? | faster response due to more memory cells being present |
| After a B cell has been activated and made memory and effector cells, what does it turn itself into? | antigen presenting cell |
| What structure does a b-cell construct to make itself into an antigen presenting cell? | major histocompatibility complex2 |
| What is the major player in the cell mediated immune system? | t-cells |
| What are the 2 types of t-cells? | helper T2 and cytotoxic Tc |
| Which cells attack previously infiltrated cells? | cytotoxic t-cells |
| The b-cells, helper t-cells and cytotoxic t-cells are all lymphocytes because they started life in the ___ | bone marrow |
| Which t-cell acts as the alarm of the immune system? | helper-t cells |
| What type of B-cell is the most effective at activating helper-T cells? | dendritic cells |
| What structure on a helper-T cells help it identify specific pathogens? | t=cell receptor |
| How is a t-cell receptor like the membrane embedded antibodies found on B-cell membranes? | each one has a different variable portion (variable chain) is different, designed to catch a pathogen that has not been encountered yet |
| What is another name for the membrane embedded antibodies found on a b-cell? | immunoglobulins |
| How do the helper-T cells get different variable chains? | during their development, the genes that code for that structure are shuffled to get a different code |
| What do you call a t-cell that is a non-memory/non effector cell (a sort of t-cell virgin) ? | naïve T-cell |
| When a helper t-cell is activated, what does it do? | begins to form effector t-helper cells and memory t-helper cells |
| What is released by helper t-cell effector cells? | cytokines (proteins also called chemical alarm bells) |
| What do cytokines do to the cells of the immune system? | it increases the functions of the entire immune system |
| After a b-cell has consumed a pathogen, created mhc2 structures, how do helper-T cells get involved? | A helper-TY that happens to have the EXACT same variable portion attaches to the MHC2 on the b-cell- which causes activation of the B-cell |
| What purpose is served by requiring a b-cell to bind to both the target pathogen AND the helper-t cell that has a variable chain for that pathogen before the b-cell activates? | this prevents the B-cell from having an accidental mutation that makes it attack self –molecules in the body. |
Created by:
russcrick
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