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Chapter 12 Bio Ms.KK
Dna and RNA
| term/question | definition/answer |
|---|---|
| Griffith | concluded that bacteria could be transformed from harmless to disease causing by an uknown factor |
| Avery | concluded that DNA was the factor that caused one bacterium to transform into another |
| Hershey and Chase | concluded genetic material of bacteriophage is DNA |
| Double Helix | the structure of which a DNA molecule can be described as. |
| Watson and Crick | discovered the structure of DNA |
| Hydrogen Bonds | barely visible inside of dna structure |
| Nucleotide | inside of the helix structure |
| Sugar phosphate backbone | protective coating on outside of helix structure |
| rails and rungs | hydrogen bonds and sugar phosphate |
| Chargaffs rule: if 28% of nucleotides contain adenine how much will be thymine? | 28% will be thymine |
| dna replication | seperation of two dna strands totaling to four strands using the rules of base pairing |
| how does dna become visible? | by folding tightly in the cell |
| messenger RNA or mRNA | carries copies of instructions |
| ribosomal RNA or rRNA | assembles protiens in ribosomes |
| transfer RNA or tRNA | transfers amino acids |
| transcription | when part of a nucleotide sequence of dna is copied into a complementary sequence in rna. |
| rna polymerase | binds dna during transcription proof reader |
| translation | information carried by mRNA is used to produce protiens |
| anticodon | ensures aminio acids are added in the correct sequence |
| dna and rna similar and different? | both have nucleotides ribose uracil deoxyribose |
| cgcuauagc amino acids? | argine, tyrosine, serine |
| mutations | altered dna sequence |
| gene mutations | changes in one single gene |
| chromosomal mutations | changes in one single chromosome |
| deletion | loss of part of a chromosome |
| duplication | copying an extra part of a chromosme |
| inversion | reverse direction |
| translocation | one part breaks off and swaps with another chromosome part |
| substitution | one codon: point mutation |
| frameshift | all codons : point mutation |
| polyploid plants are stronger and larger | this increases agriculture and food supply |
| bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
| histone | protien that dna wraps around in eukayrotes |
| replication | dna copies itself |
| promoter | indicates to an enzyme where to bind and make rna |
| introns | isnt involved in coding for proteins |
| codons | nucleotides that are specalized in in amino acids to be added to a polypeptide |
| mutation | change in genetic material |
| polyploidy | extra set of chromosomes |
| operon | genes that OPERATE together |
| differentiation | cells in structure and function |
| lac genes | repressors off presence of lactose on |
| eukaryotic genes are controlled | individually |
| TATA box | positions rna polymerase by marking where transcription begins |
Created by:
joannac516
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