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Ch.5 & 6
Term | Definition |
---|---|
heredirty | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offsprings |
dominant trait | observed in the first generation when parents have diff. traits are bred |
recessive trait | reappares in the second generation after disappering in the first generation when parents with diff. traits are bred |
gene | one set of instructions for an inherited trait |
allele | one of the alternative forms of a gene the governs a characteristic such as hair color |
phenotype | an organism appearance or other detectable characteristics |
genetype | entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more spacific traits |
probability | the likehood that a possible future event will occur in any given insance of the event |
homologus chromosomes | that have the same sequence of genes and the same structures |
meisosis | cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases of half the original numbers by two divisons of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells |
sex chromosomes | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of family |
DNA | genetic material- the material that dererminds inherited characteristics |
nucleatide | acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base |
double helix | strands of DNA that looks like twisted ladder |
RNA | a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production |
ribosomes | cells organells composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein |
mutation | change in the nucleatide- base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule |