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Water
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What percent of the Earth is water? | 71% |
| What percent of the Earth's water is salt? | 97% |
| What percent of the Earth's water is fresh? | 3% |
| Water that is not salty and has no or little taste, color, or smell? | Fresh Water |
| Water that contains dissolved salts and other minerals | Salt Water |
| How much fresh water is available to humans? | Less than 1% |
| Continuous movement of water through the environment of Earth | Water Cycle |
| Process in which water changes from liquid to water vapor | Evaportaion |
| Process in which water vapor in the atmosphere become liquid; forms clouds | Condenstaion |
| Water that falls from clouds | Precipitation |
| The slow passage of liquid from the surface into the ground caused by gravity | Percolation or Infiltration |
| Precipitation that flows over land into streams and rivers and eventually the oceans | Runoff |
| Water moves downhill due to the force of ____________? | Gravity |
| Ridge or continuous line of high land from which water flows in different directions | Divide |
| Area into which all the water on one side of a divide flows. | Drainage Basin |
| Weather cools in the fall and the upper layer of water in a pond sinks and the lower layer rises | Turnover |
| Increase of nutrients in a lake or pond | Eutrophication |
| Areas of land that water drains into when the ground is saturated or impermeable | Watershed |
| The top of the region of the zone of saturation that is completely filled with water | Water Table |
| An underground layer of permeable rock or sediment that contains water | Aquifer |
| Water held underground | Groundwater |
| A substance that liquids can flow through | Permeable |
| A substance that liquids cannot flow through | Impermeable |
| Hole in the ground that reaches the zone of saturation, area below the water table | Well |
| A well in which water flows to the surface naturally due to pressure | Artesian Well |
| A flow of water from the ground at a place where the surface of the land dips below the water table | Spring |
| Small streams that connect and flow into a larger river | Tributary |
| Water that is safe for humans | Potable Water |
| Acid/base balance of water | pH |
| Normal pH | 6.5-8.5 |
| Oxygen dissolved in water | Dissolved Oxygen |
| Normal Level of dissolved oxygen | 4 mg/L |
| Cold water holds more _________ than warm water | Oxygen |
| Natural compounds of nitrogen and oxygen | Nitrates |
| If nitrates increase, dissolved oxygen _______ | Decreases |
| Small amounts of nitrates are normal but if elevated they are ______ | Harmful |
| Aquatic plants and animals used as indicators of water quality | Biological Indicators |
| What type of organisms is often used as a biological indicator | Fish |
| Measure of the concentration of particles suspended in water | Turbidity |
| High turbidity reduces light and ___________ in water | Visibility |
| High turbidity reduces light; low light reduces __________ | Photosynthesis |
| Introduction of harmful substances into the environment | Pollution |
| Pollution that comes from one specific site | Point-source pollution |
| Pollution that comes from many sources | Nonpoint-source pollution |
| What directly affects the amount of dissolved oxygen in water | Temperature |
| As temperature increases the amount of dissolved oxygen _________ | Decreases |
| Amount of a substance that is in another substance. | Concentration |
| Set by a government agency called the Environmental Protection Agency | Water Quality Standards |
| Removal of waste from water in order to make it drinkable | Sanitation |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
| Water is filtered and treated with chemicals to remove harmful substances to kill organisms. | Water Treatment Plant |
| What are the two main steps in Water Treatment Plants? | 1. Chemical Disinfection 2. Removal of Dirt |
| Water that runs down the drain and needs to be treated before being released back into the environment | Wastewater |
| What type of system collects wastewater from a city or town. Pipes carry wastewater from homes and businesses to a water treatment plant | Sewage System |
| A small wastewater system used by a home or a business | Septic System |
| A long period of abnormally low rainfall | Drought |
| What is it when humans pump or use the water faster than it can replenish itself | Overuse |
| The act of good management; the act of protecting and conserving water resources | Stewardship |
| What are some examples of stewardship | Conserve Water, Protect water, Don't pollute, share water, limit recreational uses |
| Sends sound waves from a ship down into the ocean. The sound bounces off the ocean floor and returns to the ship. | Sonar (Eco-sound) |
| Measures direction and speed of currents and changes in ocean height | Satellites |
| Which form of technology provides us with larger scale maps of the ocean? | Satellites |
| Form of technology that is used to study the ocean floor; can be piloted by humans or be robotic. | Vessels |
| Describes water that has more salt than fresh water, but not as much as salt as the sea. | Brackish |
| A measure of the amount of salt in a sample of water | Salinity |
| What are some factors that could change the salinity level in an estuary? | Evaporation, Storms, Flooding |
| Would the salinity level in an estuary increase or decrease right after a hurricane | Increase |
| What are two types of dissolved gases found in water? | Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide |
| Most of the oxygen in the ocean is found where? | At the top (plankton) |
| Organisms that swim actively in the ocean | Nekton |
| Organism that floats or drifts freely near the ocean surface - microscopic | Plankton |
| Organisms that live on or in the ocean floor | Benthos |
| Know a few examples of organisms in each group (Nekton and Benthos) | |
| A diagram that shows how energy in food flows from one organism to another | Food chain |
| A diagram that shows the feeding relationship and interconnections between several organisms in an ecosystem | Food Web |
| Two main food webs on Earth | Aquatic and Terrestrial |
| What does Aquatic mean? | Water |
| What are two factors that affect ocean life? | Water depth and the amount of sunlight |
| Floating rafts of algae | Sargassum |
| Where the ocean meets the land | Intertidal Zone |
| Area away from shore where water becomes deeper and the ocean floor starts to slope downward | Neritic Zone |
| Were the seafloor drops sharply | Oceanic Zone |
| Ocean floor | Benthic Zone |
| What zone is the water warm because it receives a lot of sunlight? | Neritic Zone |
| What zone can you find Coral Reefs | Neritic Zone |
| What zone is very cold and receives no light | Benthic Zone |
| What type of organisms gets their energy from the chemicals released by hydrothermal vents | Bacteria |
| What ecosystem is known as the nursery of the sea | Estuary |
| Area where fresh water spills into the ocean and is rich in nutrients | Estuary |
| Ecosystem found on the coast of tropical areas and can absorb large amounts of storm surges | Mangrove Swamps |
| Ecosystem found in the middle of the Atlantic ocean and has rafts of algae | Sargasso Sea |
| Ecosystem found at in the Arctic Ocean and the ocean around the Antarctica | Polar Ice |
| Rising of cold nutrient-rich water to the surface due to wind | Upwelling |
| Warm water dumped into a river from a nuclear power plant | Thermal(heat) Pollution |
| Fertilizers cause an increase in ____________. | Nitrates |
| What are some effects of increased nitrates? | Decrease in oxygen levels and the growth of algae. |
Created by:
kendra.parker
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