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Bacteria & Archaea
Micro review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prokaryotes | Single celled organisms without membrane organelles |
| Prokaryote fact 1 | Produced atmospheric oxygen |
| Prokaryote fact 2 | Evolved early metabolic pathways |
| Prokaryote fact 3 | Smaller and simpler than eukaryotes |
| Normal flora | Bacteria that normally live on and in the human body without making us sick |
| Pathogenic | Disease causing |
| Decomposers | Decompose dead plants and animals |
| Locations where bacteria are found | Everywhere on earth |
| Locations where archaea are found | Often found in exteme environments (hot, salty, acidic) |
| Cell walls | Maintain cell shape and prevent cell from absorbing too much water |
| Gram positive organisms | Cell wall stains purple |
| Gram negative organisms | Cell wall stains pink |
| Capsule | Protects the cell, and assists in attachment and formation of biofilms |
| Biofilm | Surface-coating colony formed by cooperating prokaryotes |
| Pili | Function in attachment and conjugation (bacteria sex) |
| Plasmids | Small, extrachromosomal pieces of DNA which may be exchanged between cells |
| Flagella | Long, whip-like projection which functions in movement |
| Endospores | Structure with a thick, protective coat which allows a cell to survive extreme conditions |
| Specialized membranes | Function in cellular respiration and photosynthesis |
| Cocci | Spherical bacteria (look like cluster of grapes or beads on a necklace) |
| Bacilli | Rod shaped bacteria |
| Spirochetes | Spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria |
| Extremophiles | Archaea which live in extreme environments |
| Bioremediation | Use of organisms to remove pollution |