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AP Biology
AP Biology - Chapter 37 - Animal Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| epithelial | covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms glands |
| connective tissue | consisting mostly of intercellular substance in which the cells are embedded, e.g., bone |
| muscle tissue | specialized for contraction |
| nervous tissue | specialized for transmitting electrical and chemical signals |
| simple epithelium | composed of 1 layer of cells, located where substances are secreted, excreted |
| stratified epithelium | has 2 or more layers of cells, located where protection is needed |
| pseudostratified epithelium | cells look layered but aren't, located on the bottom of membrane |
| glands | secrete cell products like hormones, enzymes, and sweat |
| epidermis | epithelial layer of the skin |
| squamous epithelial cells | cells are thin, shaped like flagstones |
| cuboidal epithelial cells | like short cylinders that look like a cube from the side |
| columnar epithelial cells | look like columns from the side |
| homeostasis | tendency to maintain a constant internal environment |
| types of glands | endocrine and exocrine |
| exocrine glands | like sweat glands, they secrete product onto a free epithelial surface through a duct |
| endocrine glands | don't have ducts, the glands release hormones into interstitial fluid |
| mucous membrane | lines a body cavity that opens to the outside of body, mucus is secreted on it to lubricate the tissue and keep it from drying out |
| connective tissue | supports and cushions almost every organ in the body |
| types of fiber in connective tissue | collagen, elastic, reticular |
| fibroblasts | connective tissue cells that produce fiber |
| loose connective tissue | support; reservoir fluid and salts, located everywhere support must be combined with elasticity |
| dense connective tissue | support; transmission of mechanical forces, located in tendons, ligaments and dermis of skin |
| elastic connective tissue | confers elasticity, located in structures that must both expand and return to original size |
| reticular connective tissue | support; located in framework of liver, lymph nodes, spleen |
| adipose tissue | food storage; insulation; support of mammary glands, kidneys; located in subcutaneous layer |
| cartilage | for flexible support; supporting skeleton of sharks, end of bones in mammals, tips of nose, ear |
| bone | support and protection of internal organs; calcium reservoir; skeletal muscles attach to bones, forms skeletal structure in most vertebrates |
| blood | transports oxygen, nutrients, wates, and other materials, located within heart and blood vessels of circulatory system |
| main types of connective tissue | 1.) loose and dense connective tissues 2.) elastic connective tissue 3.) reticular connective tissue 4.) adipose tissue 5.) catilage 6.) bone 7.) blood |
| chondrocytes | cartilage cells |
| 3 types of muscle tissue | 1.) skeletal muscle 2.) cardiac muscle 3.) smooth muscle |
| skeletal muscle | makes up the large muscle masses attached to the bones of the body |
| cardiac muscle | the main tissue of the heart |
| smooth muscle | occurs in the walls of the digestive tract, uterus, blood vessels, and other internal organs |
| osteocytes | bone cells that maintain matrix |
Created by:
crescenti
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