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Ch.14TheBrain

Chapter 14 The Brain Review

QuestionAnswer
The brain is enveloped within three connective tissue layers called... Meninges
Inflammation of the meninges... Meningitis
Four internal chambers of the brain... Ventricles
Spongy mass of blood capillaries found on the floor of each ventricle... Choroid plexus
Clear, colorless liquid that fills the ventricles... Cerebropsinal fluid
Produces a majority of the CS fluid... Ependyma cells
Abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain... Hydrocephalus
Strictly regulates substances in the bloodstream coming into contact with the fluid/tissue of the brain... Brain-Barrier System
Enable brain to monitor and respond to fluctuations in the fluid concentrations... Circumventricular organs
All nerve fibers connecting the brain to the spinal cord pass through the... Medulla oblongata
Carries sensory and motor signals up and down the brainstem... Pons
Area functions in visual attention, tracking moving objects, and reflexes such as blinking etc... Midbrain
Somatic motor control, cardiovascular control, pain modulation, habituation, etc... Reticular formation
Gateway to the cerebral cortex... Thalamus
Becomes the cerebrum... Telencephalon
Concerned with hearing, smell, learning, memory and some aspects of vision and emotion... Temporal lobe
Consists of a collection of neurons that monitor the body temperature... Hypothalamic thermostat
Important center of emotion and learning... Limbic system
Forms the uppermost part of the brain and is primary site for receiving and interpreting signals of general senses... Parietal lobe
Most of the volume of the cerebrum is composed of... White matter
Layer covering the surface of the cerebral hemispheres and constituting about 40% of the mass of the brain... Cerebral cortex
Lies immediately behind forehead and is chiefly concerned with voluntary motor functions, foresight/planning, emotion, etc... Frontal lobe
Primary function is to relay signals from limbic system to thalamus... Mammillary bodies
Principle vision center of brain... Occipital lobe
Secretes hormones that control the anterior pituitary gland and is major integrating center for ANS... Hypothalamus
Tract of the cerebrum that crossings from one hemisphere to the other... Commissural tracts
Tract of the cerebrum that connects different regions within the same hemisphere... Association tracts
Tract of the cerebrum that carries information between cerebrum and other parts of the body... Projection tracts
Receive input from midbrain and motor areas of cerebral cortex and send signals back to both locations... Basal nuclei
Complete and persistent absence of brain waves... Brain death
Limited to head and employ relatively complex sense organs... Special senses
Temporary state of unconsciousness from which one can awaken when stimulated... Sleep
Low levels of these may cause narcolepsy... Orexins
Damage to the ___ nerve could result in defects of eye movement... Abducens
Hearing is a function of this lobe... Temporal
Most of the brain's neurons are found here... Cerebellum
Consists of more than 100 small neural networks defined mostly by each's use of different neurotransmitters... Reticular formation
Areas of cortex that identify or interpret sensory information... Association areas
Branching pattern of white matter within the cerebellum... Arbor vitae
Area of cortex that controls the motor pattern for speech... Broca area
Right and left cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other by this thick C-shaped bundle of fibers... Corpus callosum
Muscular incoordination resulting from damage to the motor areas of the brain during fetal development, birth or infancy... Cerebral palsy
Damage to the brain typically resulting from a blow, often with loss of consciousness, disturbances of vision or equilibrium... Concussion
Inflammation of the brain... Encephalitis
Disorder causing sudden, massive discharge of neurons (seizures)... Epilepsy
Recurring headaches often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, dizziness and aversion to light... Migraine headaches
A thought disorder involving delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate emotional responses to situations, incoherent speech, etc... Schizophrenia
Syndrome characterized by recurring episodes of intense stabbing pain in the trigeminal nerve with no known cause... Trigeminal neuralgia
Degenerative disorder of the facial nerve, characterized by paralysis of the facial muscles on one side... Bell palsy
Positron emission tomography... PET scan
Magnetic resonance imaging... MRI
Has the most extensive distribution of any cranial nerve... Vagus nerve
Neither hemisphere is dominant but rather each is specialized for certain tasks... Cerebral lateralization
Any language deficit resulting from lesions in the hemispheres containing the Wernicke and Broca areas... Aphasia
Responsible for recognition of spoken and written language... Wericke area
Generates a motor program for the muscles of the larynx, tongue, cheeks and lips to produce speech... Broca area
Lesions of the basal nuclei cause these movement disorders... Dyskinesias
Intention to contract a skeletal muscle begins here... Motor association area
Distributed all over the body and employ relatively simple receptors; include touch, pressure, stretch, etc... General senses
Where we recognize faces and other familiar objects... Visual association area
Maintained by inner ear and head and eye movements... Equilibrium
Site where sensory input is first received and one becomes conscious of a stimulus... Primary sensory cortex
Inability to recall things before a brain injury... Retrograde amnesia
Inability to store new information after a brain injury... Anterograde amnesia
Process of 'teaching the cerebral cortex' until a long-term memory is established... Memory consolidation
Range of mental processes by which we acquire and use knowledge... Cognition
A person with this experiences excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue... Narcolepsy
Backtracking between stage 3 or 4 to stage 2 of sleep... Rapid eye movement sleep
Events that reoccur at intervals of about 24 hours... Circadian rhythms
Recording the electrical activity of the brain to study normal brain functions such as sleep and consciousness... Electroencephalogram
Brain waves absent during deep sleep... Alpha
Brain waves accentuated during mental activity and sensory stimulation... Beta waves
A predominance of these waves i awake adults suggests emotion stress or brain disorders.. Theta waves
A predominance of delta waves in awake ___ indicates serious brain damage... Adults
The amygdala is most likely involved in... Emotion
The hippocampus is mostly involved in... Memory
About 90% of the human cerebral cortex is a six-layered tissue called the ___... Neocortex
Dehydration stimulates the hypothalamus to produce ... which conserves water by reducing urine output... Antidiuretic hormone
Lesions to the ___ cause memory deficits... Mammillary nuclei
The ___ controls our 24-hour rhythm of ...activity Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have abnormally small ___ Cerebellums
Process by which the brain learns to ignore repetitive, inconsequential stimuli while remaining sensitive to others... Habituation
Injury to the ___ ca result in irreversible coma... Reticular formation
Contains a cardiac center, vasomotor center and respiratory centers... Medulla oblongata
Consists of tight junctions between the endothelial cells that form the capillary walls... Blood-brain barrier
Formed by tight junctions between the ependymal cells... Blood-CSF barrier
Spaces between the dura that collect blood that has circulated through the brain... Dural sinuses
Created by: SavannahElkins
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