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Category 3 Science
Vocabulary for 8th Grade Earth & Space Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| asthenosphere | The solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere; made of mantle rock that flows very slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it. |
| atmosphere | Mixture of gases that surrounds Earth |
| cloud | a collection of small water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air, which forms when the air is cooled and condensation occurs |
| convection | The transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas |
| convergent boundary | where two plates move toward each other |
| crust | The outer layer of the Earth, the thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle |
| currents | A steady flow of a liquid or gas in a certain direction. |
| dew point | The temperature at which condensation begins. |
| divergent boundary | where two plates are moving apart, magma comes up to create new crust |
| doldrums | Calm, windless part of the ocean near the equator |
| drought | long period of dry weather; lack of rain; dryness |
| front | a boundary between two air masses |
| humidity | Amount of water vapor in the air |
| hurricane | A severe storm that develops over tropical oceans and whose strong winds of more than 120 km/h spiral in toward the intensely low-pressure storm center |
| island arc | a chain of volcanic islands formed at an ocean-ocean convergent boundary |
| lithosphere | The solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle; location of Earth's plates |
| Low pressure system | Created when air heats and expands, causes rain and stormy weather |
| mantle | the layer of the earth between the crust and the core |
| occluded front | a front where a warm air mass is caught between two colder air masses and brings cool temperatures and large amounts of rain and snow |
| Pangaea | large supercontinent that existed 250 million years ago |
| plate tectonics | the theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle |
| precipitation | rain, snow, sleet, or hail |
| rift valley | a deep valley that forms where two plates move apart |
| stationary front | an unmoving front where a cold air mass and a warm air mass meet |
| tornado | a destructive, rotating column of air that has very high wind speeds and that may be visible as a funnel-shaped cloud |
| transform fault boundary | where two lithospheric plates slide past each other |
| trench | Surface feature in the seafloor produced by the descending plate during subduction |
| wind | Air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure |
| weathering | The breaking down of rock, can be both physical and chemical. |
| erosion | The movement of sediment |
| deposition | The laying down of sediment |
| sediment | Small broken pieces of weathered rock |
Created by:
McLeanScience
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