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Bmark Review
review vocab for spring benchmark
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adhesion | the tendency of water to stick to other substances |
| atomic mass | the average mass number of all isotopes of an atom. Round this number to find the mass number of the atom. |
| buoyancy | the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object that is immersed in the fluid |
| capilary action | the process that moves water through a narrow porous space |
| cohesion | the attractive force between water molecules |
| compound | a pure substance that is created by 2 or more elements chemically reacting and joining together. |
| electron | subatomic particle with a negative charge and located outside the nucleus. |
| element | A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | A law that states that matter cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. The mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the reactants. |
| Atomic mass | the average mass number of all isotopes of an atom. Round this number to find the mass number of the atom. |
| polarity | uneven distribution of charges across a molecule |
| surface tension | the force that acts on the particles at the surface of a material |
| River Basin | the region of land drained by a river and its tributaries |
| Watershed | the land area that supplies water to a river system |
| Specific heat | the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius |
| Ductility | the ability to be stretched into a thin wire |
| Malleability | the ability to be hammered into a sheet |
| Solution | when one substance mixes with another and dissolves. Example: Salt + Water = Salt Water |
| Element | A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means |
| Period | Elements that occur in a horizontal row on the periodic table |
| Group | Elements that occur in a vertical column on the periodic table; also called a family. |
| Metal | An element below and to the left of the stair-step line of metalloids; about 80% of the known elements are metals. |
| Nonmetal | An element above and to the right of the stair-step line of metalloids. |
| Metalloid | An element with properties of both metals and nonmetals located along the stair-step line on the right side of the periodic table. |
| Compound | a pure substance that is created by 2 or more elements chemically reacting and joining together. |
| Mixture | The physical combination of 2 or more substances; can be separated by physical means. |
| Homogeneous mixture | A mixture that is evenly mixed; also called a solution. |
| Heterogeneous mixture | A mixture that is unevenly mixed. |
| Precipitate | an insoluble substance that is produced as result of a chemical reaction. |
| Bioindicator | organisms or components of organisms that are used to assess the health of a water system |
| Macro-invertebrate | small, spineless creatures that are visible with the unaided eye; they include organisms such as crustaceans, mollusks, worms, and insects |
| pH scale | rating of how acidic or basic a substance is the scale goes from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral values less than 7 being acidic and values greater than 7 being basic |
| Nitrate | nitrogen compounds used for growth by plants and algae; a compound that can be used by photosynthetic life forms to obtain the nitrogen needed for survival |
| Turbidity | a measure of the clarity of the water (how clear is it?) |
| Non-point source pollution | pollution that comes from many places or sources that is not easily identified; pollution that results from water flow picking up trash, toxic chemicals, and other types of waste |
| Point Source pollution | pollution that can be traced to a specific source such as oil that spills from a pipeline |
| Scuba | Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus - device that allows divers to breathe underwater for long periods of time. |
| SONAR | SOund NAvigation Ranging - used to measure ocean depth by sending sound to bounce off the ocean floor. |
| Abiotic Factor | the non-living factors of the environment that an organism lives in. |
| Benthos | organisms that live on or in the ocean floor. |
| Biotic Factor | the living organisms of the environment. |
| Consumer | - feed on other organisms (plant or animal) because they cannot make their own food. |
| Estuary | body of water where a river meets the ocean |
| Habitat | The immediate space where an animal or plant lives and has food, water and protection. |
| Intertidal Zone | the area that lies between the low-tide and the high-tide line. |
| Nekton | free-swimming organisms whose movements are independent of the tides, currents, and waves. |
| Upwelling | the upward movement to the ocean surface of deeper, cold and usually nutrient-rich waters, especially along some shores, due to the offshore movement of surface waters |
| Darwin | was a naturalist who proposed and provided scientific evidence that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the process he called natural selection. |
| Fossil | evidence of past life preserved in rock. |
| Index fossil | a fossil found in a narrow time range but widely distributed around the earth; used to date rock layers |
| Natural selection | survival of the fittest organisms that are the best adapted to their environment and the ones that will live long enough to reproduce and pass on their favorable adaptations |
| Trace fossil | a fossilized mark that is formed in soft sediment by the movement or actions of an animal. |
| Trilobite | a marine organism that is an example of an index fossil |
| Atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This number identifies the atom. |
Created by:
geneshutt
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