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med genetics ch6

QuestionAnswer
In 1869,_____________ extracted a weakly acidic, phosphorus-rich material from the nuclei of human white blood cells and named it “nuclein.” Friedrich Miescher
"nuclein's" major component turned out to be _________. DNA
The full chemical name of DNA is ____________, reflecting three characteristics of the substance: one of its constituents is a sugar known as __________; it is found mainly in cell nuclei; and it is acidic. deoxyribonucleic acid, deoxyribose
After purifying DNA from the nuclein performing chemical tests, researchers established that it contains only _____ distinct chemical building blocks linked in a long chain. four
The four individual chemicals belong to a class of compounds known as ________; the bonds joining one nucleotide to another are covalent ___________ ______; and the linked chain of building block subunits is a type of polymer. nucleotides, phosphodiester bonds
A procedure fi rst reported in 1923 made it possible to discover where in the cell DNA resides. Named the _______ reaction after its designer, the procedure relies on a chemical called the ________ _________, which stains DNA red. Feulgen,Schiff reagent
In a preparation of stained cells, the _________ redden, while other areas of the cell remain relatively colorless. The reaction shows that DNA is localized almost exclusively within ___________. chromosomes, chromosomes
Typical eukaryotic chromosomes also contain an even greater amount of __________ by weight. protein
With only one chromosome, bacteria do not undergo meiosis to produce germ cells, and they do not apportion their replicated chromosomes to daughter cells by mitosis; rather, they divide by a process known as ________ __________. binary fission
In a 1923 study of ______________ bacteria grown in laboratory media, ____________ distinguished two bacterial forms: smooth (S) and rough (R). Streptococcus pneumoniae, Frederick Griffith
The ability of a substance to change the genetic characteristics of an organism is known as ____________ . transformation
In 1944, __________ ,_________,________ published the cumulative findings of experiments designed to determine the transforming principle’s chemical composition. The tentative published conclusion was that the transforming principle appeared to be _____ Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty, DNA
__________ and __________ anticipated that they could assess the relative importance of DNA and protein in gene replication by infecting bacterial cells with viruses called phages, short for bacteriophages (literally “bacteria eaters”). Alfred Hershey, Martha Chase
In their famous Waring blender experiment of 1952, _________ and ________ tested the idea that the ghost left on the cell wall is composed of protein, while the injected material consists of DNA. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
a DNA chain composed of many nucleotides has _________ : an overall direction. polarity
Phosphodiester bonds always form a covalent link between the __ carbon of one nucleoside and the __ carbon of the following nucleoside. The consistent orientation of the nucleotide building blocks gives a chain overall direction. 3',5'
Excellent X-ray images produced by __________ and _________ showed that the molecule is spiral-shaped, or helical Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
___________ provided an important clue with his data on the nucleotide composition of DNA: the ratio of A to T is not significantly different from 1:1, and the ratio of G to C is the same in every organism Erwin Chargaff
The majority of naturally occurring DNA molecules have the configuration suggested by Watson and Crick. Such molecules are known as ________ ; they spiral to the right B-form DNA
One type of DNA structure is _______ which the helix spirals to the left and the backbone takes on a zigzag shape Z-form
Examples of viruses carrying ____________ are bacteriophages ϕX174 and M13, and mammalian parvoviruses, which are associated with fetal death and spontaneous abortion in humans. single-stranded DNA
Created by: hiroko lucky2
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