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Bio unit 2- 9,10,11
Biology revision for test on chapters 9,10 & 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is adaption? | A physical, physiological and behavioural characteristic that allows organisms to survive and reproduce in their habitats |
| What is tolerance range? | The upper and lower limits of an environmental factor within which an organism can survive. |
| What is Niche? | The way of life or the role of an organism within its natural environment that determines its relations with other organisms and ensures its survival. |
| What is Habitat? | The place in which a plant or animal lives, e.g. forest, desert, or wetlands |
| What is Environment? | All the external factors influencing the life and activities of plants, and animals |
| What are Abiotic Factors? An example? | The physical and chemical aspects of an organism's environment. Solar radiation, air temp, wind, humidity. |
| What are Biotic Factors? | The living organisms in a plant or animals environment. Predators, humans, parasites. |
| What are Limiting Factors? | The environmental condition that restricts the type of organisms that can survive in a given habitat. |
| Some animal & plant adaptions to survival in arid habitats? | Plant: small glossy leaves, tick waxy cuticles on leaf, reduced numbers of stomata on upper leaf, presence of hairs on leaf. Animal: small size, very concentrated urine, dormancy, nocturnal, internally produced water |
| What is a psychological adaption? | Refers to a way that a living thing functions, rather than to its shape or structure that enables it to survive in its habitat |
| What are some human receptors? | - receptors to touch, pain and temperature (skin) - receptors to light (eyes) - receptors to chemicals in the air (nose) - receptors to chemicals in food (tongue) - receptors to sound and position of the head (ears) |
| What are receptors? | Groups of specialised cells. They can detect changes in the environment, which are called stimuli, and turn them into electrical impulses |
| What is homeostasis? | how the body/the bodies ability to keep conditions inside it the same and regular. |
| What 2 major body systems are resposible for maintaining homeostasis? | The Nervous System and the Endocrine System |
| What is the core temperature of human? | The core temperature is at 37 degrees |
| What are the 2 major parts of the human nervous system? Give a brief explanation | The (CNS) Central Nervous System consists of brain, and the spinal cord and the (PNS) Peripheral Nervous System which consists of the all other nerves and parts of nerves that exist outside the CNS |
| What is a neuron? | A nerve cells that transmit nerve signals to and from the brain |
| What are the basic parts of a neuron and state the function of each (part 1) | The Cell Body - has branching dendrites (signal receivers) and a projection called an axon, which conducts the nerve signal Axon - a long extension of a nerve cell. Bundles of axons are known as nerves. |
| What are the basic parts of a neuron and state the function of each, (part 2) | Myelin - manufactured by Schwann's cells, consisting of fat and protein Dendrites - bring information to the cell body/branch from the cell body and receive messages |
| How is the signal transmitted along a neuron? | As an electrical impulse |
| Describe a simple response pathway | Receptors detect specific sensory information from external environment. Receptors then encode information about stimulus into electrical signals then carried as nerve impulses to brain, the brain then stimulates effectors to produce a response. |
| Whats the difference between a voluntary and a reflex response? | A voluntary response is a deliberate response such as stepping back on curb once hearing a car approach, whereas a reflex response is an automatic response such as stepping on a needle and pulling away or knee-jerk response |
| What are hormones and how are they transported? | They are chemicals produced in endocrine glands that are released into and transported by the blood stream to other parts of the body where they act |
| What is a negative feedback? | Negative feedback ensures that, in any control system, changes are reversed and returned back to the set level. |
| Explain how the shivering and vasoconstriction and sweating aid in maintaining a relatively constant core temperature | Shivering: Signals muscles to ‘shiver’, produces heat which increase body temp. Vasoconstriction: Blood vessels constrict, flow of blood restricted, acting to retain body heat Sweating: Stimulation of glands that produce sweat to reduce the temp |
| Explain how metabolism, vasodilation and piloerection aid in maintaining a relatively constant core temperature | Metab: Adjustment of metabolism lessering need for internal heat production Vasod: Heart rate decrease as blood vessels increase in diameter, blood pressure falls back normal Piloerection: Hair follicles stand upright forming insulating layer- goosbum |
| How does licking fur contribute to animals maintaining a stable core temp? | Evaporative cooling |
| How does burrowing contribute to animals maintaining a stable core temp? | The burrow remains at a relatively constant temperature of around 25oC and is not subject to the fluctuations of surface temperatures. |
| How does living in groups contribute to animals maintaining a stable core temp? | Enables huddling together during colder periods to reduce heat loss by minimising exposed body surface and so reduces heat loss. Also huddling results in shading one another during hotter periods and so reduces heat gain. |
| How does a tightly coiled pose contribute to animals maintaining a stable core temp? | With limbs and tail drawn closely to the body, the animal is minimising its exposed body surface and so reduces heat loss |
| How does basking on a rock contribute to animals maintaining a stable core temp? | The gaining of heat by the organism by conduction of heat from the warm rock and by radiation from the sun. |
| What is evaporative cooling? | |
| What is an Ectotherm? | An organism whose body temperature is governed by external sources of heat |
| What is a Poikilothermic? | An organism whose body temperature varies with that of the external temperature |
| What is an Endotherm? | An organism whose body temperature is generated fron internal metabolism |
| What is a Homoeothermic? | An organism whose body temperature stays relatively constant and does not vary the external temperature |
| What is Conduction? | The transfer of heat from one body to the next that are in direct contact |
| What is Radiation? | Heat energy emitted from a source in the form of rays |
| What is Convection? | Heat transfer by air or water |
| What is behavioural adaption? | The things animals do to survive. Like bird calls or migrating |
| What is the difference between innate and learned behaviour? | Innate behaviour is that that one is born with - natural instinct Learned behaviour is not one that one is born with rather behaviour that is learned as an adaption throughout a life |
| What is rhythmic behaviour? | regularly repeated behavior that is synchronized to rhythmic changes in the environment -controlled by organism’s internal “biological clock” - e.g nocturnal or diurnal |
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amygibbo
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