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Ch. 20 vocabulary
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aminoglycosides | misreading of codons--incorrect amino acids are added |
| Ampicillin | broad range of derivative of penicillin--modification allows it to penetrate outer memgrane of gram-negative bacteria and kill them |
| Antibiotic susceptibility | test for by pure cultures to identify organisms--organism many known resistances to ABT--sensitive txs possible--ABTs placed on paper disk then petri dish--ABT difuses into surrounding agar--sensitive organisms near disk are killed or growth prohibited |
| Antibiotics | chemical agents that fits need to kill or inhibit microbes without harming patient--antilige compounds |
| B-lactam | four ring structure contained by penicillins--crucial to activity |
| Broad-spectrum antibiotics | can inhibit most all organisms-- |
| Chemotherapuetic agents | associated with agents used for tx of cancer |
| Chloramphenicol | antibacterials with peptide bond formation |
| Ciprofloxacin | polymixin--tolerated quite will internally--used extensively |
| Erythromycin | antibacterial--movement of peptidyl-tRNA to allow addition of more amino acids |
| Kirby-Bauer test | determines--drugs for which given microbe is sensitive--concentration level at which drug is effective |
| Minium effective therapeutic dose | patient-effective concentration of antibiotic |
| Minimum inhibitory concentration | MIC--most dilute concentration that inhibits bacterial growth |
| Narrow spectrum | ABTs--penicillin--inhibit only gram-positive bacteria |
| Polymyxin | antibacterial--only one able to kill nongrowing cells |
| Quinolines | ABTs that act against bacterial DNA synthesis |
| Rifampin | ABTs that inhibit bacterial RNA synthesis |
| Selection | after mutation occurs--penicillin in environment causes all but mutant to be killed--only mutant grows--mutants are selected out of the total population |
| Selective toxicity | drugs that exhibit complete or 100% lethality to microbes with zero effect on patient |
| Selectivity | penicillin-based ABTs initially known as magic bullets or miracle cures--kill microbes without killing patient |
| Sulfa | drugs that inhibit synthesis of vitamin folic acid from para-aminobenzoic acid--high selective toxicity for bacteria as well as some fungi/parasites |
| Tetracyclines | antibacterials that are tRNA binding |
| Therapeutic index | divide lowest toxic dose of ABT by minimum effective therapeutic dose--tells range of dosage that can be used in the human body |
| Tube dilution test | ABT is serially diluted (usually by twofold increments) in several tubes of bacteria--determin how little ABT is required to stop bacterial growth |
| Zone of inhibition | area of dead/inhibited organisms and measured width is measure of ABT potency |
Created by:
heatherlvn
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