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Ch. 19 questions
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sterile refers to the complete absence of what? | all life |
| Name the most common gaseous sterilizing agent | ethylene oxide |
| How do dry heat and moist heat differ in their ability to kill microbes? | dry heat less efficient than moist heat--dry heat must reach higher temps to sterilize objects |
| Name a machine in the hospital and one in many home that produces enough steam pressure to sterilize items in less than an hour | hospitals--autoclave--home--pressure cooker |
| what are the standard pressur, temp, and time normally used to achieve sterilization with steam? | 121 degrees C at fifteen pound of pressure for 15 minutes |
| What are the advantages of sterilization by gamma radiation? | does not invole heat--good for heat-sensitive materials (plastic)--gamma rays have great penetration--good for sterilizing items in sealed packages |
| What are the advantages of sterilization by ultrafiltration? | no heat/chemical reaction--good for soluble materials (enzymes/antibiotics)--good way to sterilize gases |
| What are the basic usages of disinfectants and antiseptics? | disinfectant refers to chemicals used to kill bacteria on inanimate objects--antiseptics--milder versions of disinfectants--used on human flesh |
| Differentiate among bactericide, fungicide, virucide, sporicide, and biocide | bactericides--kill bacteria--fungicides--kill fungi--virucides--kill viruses--sporicides--kill spores--biocides--nonspecific agents |
| What different effects do bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents have on bacteria? | bacteriostatic agents--do not kill bacteria--do inhibit growth--bactericidal agents--kill bacteria |
| What is the phenol coefficient? | killing capacity of any diinfectant compared to the killing capacity of phenol |
| Why have phenolics generally replaced phenol in disinfection? | phenolics--milder forms of phenols--effectively remove transient organisms from the skin without patient harm |
| How does iodine kill microbes? | iodine oxidizes proteins/enzymes--microbes become unable to synthesize macreomolecules |
| How does radiation kill microbes? | radiation ionizes and destroys DNA |
| Is 100% alcohol used as a disinfectant? What is better? | 100% alcohol not used--70% solution (with water)--more effective--better at dissolving microbial membranes |
| What is pasteurization? | process of heating milk (or other drinks) high enough temp and long enough time to kill pathogens |
| Why do we use disinfectants so frequently in the clinical setting? | disinfectants uses so frequently in clinical setting to prevent nosocomial infections--since nosocomially acquired microbes often antibiotic resistant |
| How do detergents work? | remove transient microbes from surfaces--do not remove resident organisms--cationic detergents dissolve bacterial membranes |
| what kills most microbes in the stomach? | acid |
Created by:
heatherlvn
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