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Ch. 19 vocabulary
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aciduric bacteria | bacteria resistent to acid--survive stomachs full acidity--grow when stomach is empty & at higher pH--produce urease--released as a protein in breakdown product |
| Antiseptics | milder chemicals--(anti--against--septic--putrifaction or make rotten) used on human flesh |
| Aseptic | without contamination |
| Autoclave | sterilization using steam--large pressure cooker |
| Bactericides | disinfectants that kill bacteria |
| Bacteriostatic agents | inhibit growth but do not kill bacteria |
| Biocides | nonspecific agent |
| Cationic detergents | positive charge--may dissolve microbial membranes--leads to microbial death |
| Chemiclaves | use harsh chemicals, such as highly reactive gas ethylene oxide--in a sealed environment, or gamma irradiation |
| Disinfection | reduce the viable numbers of living organism--process that decreases numbers of microbes--may not destroy all of them |
| Flash pasteurization | 71.5 degrees C for 15 seconds |
| Fungicides | disinfectants that kill fungi |
| Fungistatic agents | inhibit growth, but do not kill fungi |
| Halides | iodine and chlorine--due to chemical similarities--bromine used in hot tubs --evaporates more slowly than chlorine/iodine--kill bacteria--reduce numbers rather than kill all microbes |
| Iatrogenic disease | term related to nosocomial disease--physician-induced disease |
| Incineration | burning to sterilize material |
| Nosocomial diseases | acquired in the hospital setting |
| Pasteurization | Louis Pasteur--heats foods such as milk high enough to kill most vegitative cells--30 min. at 63 degrees C |
| Phenol | harsh--used to wash handes before surgery--generally replaced with milder derivatives of phenol call phenolics |
| Phenol coefficient | effectiveness of new agent divided by effectiveness of phenol--used to compare all disinfectants |
| Phenolics | milder derrivitives of phenol |
| Resident organisms | organism that is at its normal site of growth |
| Sanitize | treated to reduce microbes to a safe level |
| Sterilization | kill all life on an object |
| Transient organisms | organism that does not attach and servive on a surface |
| Ultrafiltration | material suspended in water and sterilized--ultrafilter--has pore sizes less than the smalles bacterium--gases sterilized this way |
| Ultrapasteurization | 82 degrees C for 3 seconds |
| Virucides | kill viruses |
Created by:
heatherlvn
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