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Lecture 8
Lectuer 8: Bones and Ca Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organic Components of Bones | cells and osteoid |
| Inorganic Components of Bones | hydroxyapatites (mineral salts) |
| Osteocyte | mature bone cells which maintain the protein and mineral content of the bone |
| Lacuna | a pocket sandwiched between layers of matrix |
| Osteoblasts | immature bone cell that secretes organic components of the matrix (osteoid) |
| Osteogenesis | bone formation |
| Osteoprogenitor Cell | stem cell whose divisions produce osteoblasts |
| Osteoclasts | multinucleate cell that secretes acid and enzymes to dissolve the bone matrix |
| Osteolysis | dissolving of bone matrix |
| Osteoid | organic part of bone matrix |
| Sacrifical Bonds | bonds in collagen which break to dissipate tension force in order to avoid fracture |
| Periosteum | fibrous outer membrane layer covering all bones |
| Endosteum | incomplete cellular layer lining the medullary cavity |
| Osteon | basic functional unit of mature compact bone |
| Central Canal | Haversian canal which runs parallel to the surface of the bone containing one or more blood vessels |
| Perforating Canals | Volkmann's canals which extend perpendicular to the surface |
| Lamellae | osteocytes in an osteone arranged in concentric layers |
| Canaliculi | contains the osteocyte cytoplasm extension which allows osteocytes to communicate with each other through gap junctions |
| Interstitial Lamellae | between osteons |
| Circumferential Lamellae | at the outer and inner surfaces of the bone |
| Trabeculae | meshwork of supporting bundles of fibers in spongy bone oriented along stress lines |
| Intramembranous Ossification | originates from fibrous connective tissue forming the skull, clavicle, and other flat bones |
| Endochondral Ossification | all bones below the base of the skull (except for the clavicle) are developed this way |
| Growth in Length | longitudinal growth occurs at the epiphyseal plate |
| Growth in Diameter | appositional growth |
| Epiphyseal Line | reminiscence of epiphyseal cartilage that has fused |
| Thyroxine (T4) | increase the rate of osteoblast activity |
| Effect of Estrogens and Androgens | stimulate a faster ossification activity of osteblasts |
| Effect of Leptin | inhibits osteoblasts |
| Wolff's Law | bones will be stronger and thicker where they are subjected to stress |
| Ostoprotegerin | interferes with RANKL |
| PTH | parathyroid hormone which stimulates osteoclasts activity, promotes vit D formation, and inhibits Ca excretion |
| Osteocalcin | non-collagenous protein produced by osteoblasts; inactive when present in the bone matrix |
Created by:
rlmurp09
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