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GC-DNA Vocab

TermDefinition
Chargoff Scientist who determined the rules for the pairing of bases in DNA.
Franklin Scientist who used X-rays to determine that DNA was helix.
Watson & Crick Pair of scientist who determined the 3-D structure of DNA.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid that carries instructions for making proteins.
Nucleotide The building blocks of DNA and RNA; composed of sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogen.
Deoxyribose The sugar that helps to make up the nucleotides of DNA.
Double Helix A twisted ladder;describes the structure of DNA.
Adenine A nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA;abbreviated A
Guanine A nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA;abbreviated G
Thymine A nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA;abbreviated T
Replication The process of creating an exact copy of DNA
Complementary strand of DNA The strand of DNA that "matches" the original strand of DNA during replication.
Genetic Code Information carried from generation to generation by DNA.
RNA The nucleic acid responsible for building proteins.
Ribose The sugar that helps to make up the nucleotides of RNA.
uracil A nitrogen base found only in RNA,abbreviated U
mRNA Messenger RNA; carries information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
tRNA Transfer RNA; carries the amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.
rRNA Ribosomal RNA; helps to assemble the amino acids into proteins.
Codon Found on mRNA; a 3 letter code that determines the amino acids that will make up a protein.
Anticodon Found in tRNA; a 3 letter complement to the codon that allows the amino acids to bond in the correct sequence.
Transcription Occurs in the nucleus; the process of creating mRNA from DNA.
Translation Occurs in the cytoplasm; the process of creating a protein from mRNA.
Mutation A mistake or change in the DNA sequence; can be harmful or beneficial.
Deletion A type of mutation that involves all or part of a chromosome being changed.
Insertion A type of mutation in which a base is added to a DNA sequence.
Chromosomal Mutations A type of mutation in which a base is removed from a DNA sequence
Genetic Engineering Manipulation of genes to achieve desired traits in individuals.
Cloning The process of producing populations of genetically identical individuals.
Recombination The process by which genetic material is broken and joined to other genetic material.
Forensic Identification Use of DNA identify specific objects.
Human Genome Project Scientific research project whose goal is to determine the exact sequence of base pairs in DNA and "map" the 20-25,000 genes in the human body.
Created by: 2015corng
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