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27 ES Vocab

Earth Science 4th Quarter

TermDefinition
electromagnetic spectrum All types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to wavelength and frequency.
interferometry Process that links separate telescopes so they act as one telescope, producing more detailed images as the distance between them increases.
reflecting telescope Uses mirrors to focus visible light.
refracting telescope Uses lenses to focus visible light
albedo Percentage of sunlight that is reflected by the surface of a planet or a satellite, such as the Moon.
ejecta Material that falls back to the lunar surface after being blasted out by the impact of space object.
highland Light-colored, mountainous, heavily cratered area of the Moon, composed mostly of lunar breccias.
impact crater Crater formed when space material impacted on Moon's surface.
maria Dark-colored, smooth plains on the Moon surface.
ray Long trail of ejecta that radiates outward from a Moon crater
regolith Layer of loose, ground-up rock on the lunar surface.
rille Valleylike structure that meanders across some regions of the Moon's maria
apogee Farthest point in the Moon's elliptical orbit to Earth.
ecliptic plane Plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun.
equinox Time of year during which Earth's axis is at 90 degrees angle to the Sun; both hemispheres receive exactly 12hrs of sunlight and the Sun is directly overhead at the equator.
lunar eclipse When Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, and Earth's shadow falls on the Moon; occurs only during a full moon.
perigee Closest point in the Moon's elliptical orbit to Earth.
solar eclipse When the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun and the Moon casts a shadow on Earth, blocking Earth's view of the Sun; can be partial or total.
solstice Period when the Sun is overhead at its farthest distance either north or south of the equator.
synchronous rotation The state at which the Moon's orbital and rotational periods are equal.
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