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Respiratory theory
Respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Breathing, inspiration and expiration, inhale and exhale | Respiration |
| Having enough blood pressure or air pressure inside to fill the area | Perfusion, tissue perf with 02, kidney need adequate blood perfusion |
| Little wave like hair in the lungs | Cilia |
| Little grape sacs where O2 and CO2 exchange | Alveoli |
| Below epiglottis, produce voice, in vocal cord | Larynx |
| The main split of the trunk | Bronchi |
| Little branches of bronchi | Bronchioles |
| To put air into something | Ventilation, ventilate a room… |
| Not breathing | Apnea |
| Difficulty breathing | Dyspnea |
| Turning blue | Cyanosis |
| Low oxygen level | Hypoxemia |
| Cyanosis in a portion of the body | Acrocyanosis |
| Explain why clients with emphysema must have 02 in low doses? | Drive to breath, emphysema , alveoli are acting more like a paper bag instead of a balloon. You have trapped air in there and it shorts out the compensatory mechanism that tell us when to breath. Usually, when CO2 goes up, it’s stimulate breathing. With e |
| Infection, inflammation of the lungs | Pneumonia |
| Causes/risk factors | Elderly, decrease mobility, swallowing, breathing pb, elderly, |
| Symptoms | sudden onset of fever |
| What you would find on assessment | Auscultate the lung, fever, dyspnea, cough, retractions, maybe weezing |
| Pt teaching | Hidration, humidify oxygen, Rest, bronchodialators, not lay down flat, rest |
| Interventions | O2 therapy, sitting, avoid exercise, not lay down flat, percussion, change position to move fluids |
| Goals of care | Main is maintain adequate oxygenation, deep breathing exercise, spirometer |
| What is TB? | Caused by Bacteria |
| What causes it | Bacteria |
| Who is at risk | Ppl in public environment, emergency room, coming from other countries |
| How is it diagnosed?PPD (skin test), chest x-ray | |
| How is it treated? | Lots of med for a long time, isolation room, |
| Symptoms | Fever, consistent cough, coughing blood, fatigue weight loss |
| Rapid shift of fluid from plasma into the alveoli | PULMONARY EDEMA |
| What is going on with heart? | CHF |
| Hallmark symptoms | |
| Asthma | |
| Discuss triggers | |
| S/S (lung sounds) | wheezing in alvioli |
| Tx interventions | |
| Pt education | Understand what put them at risk |
| Risk factors | Smoking, elderly |
| Explain emphysema | |
| Causes | main is smoking |
| s/s | |
| What physiological change is occurring? | paper bag picture |
| Nursing management | stay oxygenated, low O2 |
| Prognosis | Poor, chronic, can’t heal, irreversible |
| What can lead to chronic bronchitis? | Smoking, |
| What can irritate it? | cold weather, allergens, |
| What nursing interventions can help? | pt are medically fragile, |
| Primary indicator for a respiratory problem | Anxiety |
| Why are an emergency | |
| Asthma attack (sometimes) an emergency | If deep whezz, Pass out, need rescue inhaler, If not react, epinephrine and |
| Pulmonary edema? | damage to the heart |
| Pulmonary Embolus | SOB, dyspnea, hemothaxis |
| Hemothorax | Blood in thorax |
| Lung cancer | |
| Initial symptoms | Not initial symptoms |
| Causes | Smoking, allergens, pesticide, secondary cancer can metasize from somewhere else |
| Tx | |
| Nursing interventions | Treat the symptom, oxygenated, quit smoking |
| Preventions | not smoking, don’t expose to chemicals |
| Review Epistaxis | bloddy nose |
| Assessment and care of client on 02 | looking where tube are touching the body, dry nose, hydrate, not put petroleum products around, safety to use O2 |
Created by:
fausfez
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